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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 8 months ago
- After the Greek War of Independence the Treaty of Constantinople was signed in 1832.
- Treaty of Constanipole of 1832 recognized as a independent nation.
Posted by Harsh Pandey 6 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 8 months ago
(i) Regur soil is also known as black soil.
(ii) It is ideal for growing cotton, so it is also known as “black cotton soil”.
(iii) It is made up of extremely fine clayey material.
(iv) It is rich in soil nutrients, calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime.
(v) It develops cracks in hot weather.
(vi) It can hold moisture and is sticky when wet.
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Posted by Neha Bhati 6 years, 8 months ago
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Posted by Sahil Kular 6 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 8 months ago
The Frankfurt Parliament, which was convented in 1848, was the first major step taken towards the unification of German states. But this liberal initiative of nation building was repressed by the combined forces of the Monarchy and big landlords of Prussia. From then Prussia took the Initiative to unify Germany.
Otto Von Bismarck, the Chief Minister of Prussia, carried out the process of unification with the help of the Prussian army and bureaucracy. Bismarck was convinced that the unification of Germany could be only achieved by the princes, not by the people. He wanted to achieve his aim by merging Prussia into Germany. In 1867, Bismarck became the chancellor of the North confederation.
Bismarck’s main objective was to unify Germany and was accomplished by three wars which were fought in a brief period of seven years. These wars were ended with the victory of Prussia which helped in completing the process of German unification on 18th January, 1871, in the Royal Palace of Versalles, the king of Prussia was crowned as the German Emperor. It symbolized the birth of a united Germany.
Posted by Surj Ch 6 years, 8 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 6 years, 8 months ago
Sustainable development: Development which does not cause overuse of resources, at the same time replenishing the existing resources is called as sustainable development.Sustainable development is essential for economic growth because it means ‘development should take place without damaging the environment, and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generations.’ Preservation of resources determinethe economic activities of the nation hence, promote economic growth.
Posted by Sudev Gavande 6 years, 8 months ago
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Maria Anna Alwin 6 years, 8 months ago
Maria Anna Alwin 6 years, 8 months ago
2. Raw Material Troubles: With an extended fall in steel prices globally, steel making raw materials have been in a tough spot. Most of the material offers touched an all time low in a decade and trading below or close to breakeven. The implosion in prices is attributed to large oversupply of the raw material and prolonged dullness in Chinese economy; which also resulted in high over capacity in steel and losses. Few of the largest iron ore miners namely BHP Billiton, Vale, Rio Tinto had to cut down their expansion plans and have shifted focus to low-cost mining assets.
Steelmaking coal from Australia (which exported about 188 mnt of Met coal in FY15) also felt the blow with slowing demand from China, as Beijing tackles its dangerous air pollution levels.
3. Changing Government Policies: Ever since the new government came to power in India, the policies related to mining including past allotment of crucial raw materials like Iron ore & Coal were overturned impacting large steelmaking capacities.
4. Low Capacity Utilization: Easy availability of cheaper imported steel products, extended raw material issues related to availability and prices of ores and coal, reduced operating margins etc the steel industry in India has been on an average operating at about 60% capacity utilization level.
5. Inferior Product Quality: The secondary steelmaking route may not be comparable to the blast furnace route of steelmaking when it comes to quality. As a matter of fact, more than 50% of steel in India is made through the secondary route. Low amount of interest in modern technologies and weak infrastructural facilities lead to a process of steel making which is more time consuming, expensive and even yields inferior quality products. Such a situation has also forced us to import better quality steel from abroad.
6. Power Problems: Owing to lower production of coal by Coal India Limited (which controls around 82% of total coal production of India) compared to demand, sufficient quality & quantity of coal does not reach the thermal power producers across the nation. This has resulted in low power being produced and owing to high amount of transmission losses; the power cost in the last 2 years has also gone up substantially.
7. Lack of Capital: The iron & steel industry is highly capital intensive and not for the feeble hearted. To remain competitive both domestically and globally, a steelmaker has to keep updating & upgrading its facilities and process which demands large amount of reinvestment. With the expected improvement in the market scenario in FY17, the banks should be back to business soon.
8. High Interest Cost: With increased business risks and high fiscal deficit, the interest cost in India compared to other developing nations is higher resulting in heavy burden for the borrower.
9. Short-term View of a Steelmaker: Between 2005 & 2010, small steelmaking and rolling units were set up left right and centre across India. This was largely to benefit from the high margins in the business and high demand for steel. A steelmaker will have to keep a long term view in perspective to be able to benefit from the huge growth plans of the present government.
10. Outdated Technologies: Throughout the 1960s and up to the oil crisis in mid-1970s, Indian steel industry was characterized by a high degree of technological efficiency. This technology was mainly from abroad. But during the last 2 decades, steep hike in energy costs and increase in other input costs, margins in steel has reduced to a good extent.
This resulted in lower levels of investment in technological developments. Consequently, the industry lost its technology edge and is now way behind other steelmaking countries in this regard. Material value productivity in India is still very low.
Posted by Shivam Kumar Singh Singh 6 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 8 months ago
The goal of both the leaders was the same-freedom of Vietnam from French colonial rule, but they wanted to gain it through different ways. Phan Chu Trinh wanted to overthrow the monarchy in order to form a basis for the promotion of the popular rights by establishing a democratic republic.
His opinion was not to gain freedom from the French colonial rule through the monarchy. Also, he did not want to boycott Western civilization. He also liked the democratic ideals of the West. He was much influenced by the French revolutionary ideal of liberty and so he accepted it.
Opposite to it Phan Boi Chau was much affected by the Confucian tradition and was in favour of driving out the French, using the monarchy.
He wished that first the foreign enemy should be driven out and after their nation’s freedom was restored they could talk about other things.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 8 months ago
The term ‘pressure group’ originated from in the USA. A pressure group is a group of people who are organised actively for promoting and defending their common interest. They are a vital link between the government and the governed. They keep governments more responsive to the wishes of the community, especially in between elections. They are different from the political parties in that they neither contest elections nor try to capture political power but their activism influence the public policy (Government Decision). These groups promote a specific issue and raise it up the political agenda or may have more general political and ideological objectives in mind while campaigning. These groups make efforts to bring government into the podium of accountability.
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Gaurav Seth 6 years, 8 months ago
1 . People's perception-if people see their identity in singular and exclusive terms then there will be conflict but if they see their identity as a reflection of the national identity then they will live at peace with each other.
2.The role of community and culture - it depends on how the leaders will raise the demands and needs of a particular community. It will be peaceful if this is done within the dictates of the constitution.
3.The role of political party and government - The outcome will depend on how the government addresses the needs of a particular community. If it is done in fairness and according to the constitution then there will be peace.
Posted by Akshay Pratap 6 years, 8 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 6 years, 8 months ago
Chp 5
a.19th century was marked by Industrialisation resulting in rapid socio , economic changes characterised by technological developments, inventions bringing about change from a domestic system to a factory system.
b. It is identified with the establishment with factories, industries , rise of industrial labour force.Factories, industries were set up on a large scale, there was a rise of industrial labor force.It brought about increased production of goods and services and setting up of industrial hubs
c . With the development of trade and in the quest for expanding further trade ,many European powers set on an imperialistic conquest establishing full control over regions in Asia and Africa with the prospect of controlling those regions for economic gains.
d. This helped them to establish control over natural resources of the smaller and weaker nations and to ensure supply of raw materials and goods and to expand market for their goods.
e. Britain , France made vast overseas expedition in their greed for acquiring more and more colonies. It brought about dramatic changes in Asia and Africa. . For instance, Africa was demarcated and divided among the European colonists.
f. Germany, Belgium , US also became colonial powers and expanded their influence.
g. They also hired labours from colonies , With the growth in British industrial economy, the demand for labour further increased. The 19th century witnessed further changes in the labour pattern movement with the indentured labour migration from India, who went to work in plantations, mines , road and railways projects. They mainly migrated to the British controlled Caribbean islands
h. Colonialism also helped in expanding further trade and provided ready markets for goods manufactured in Europe, further accelerating production in Europe
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Puja Sahoo 6 years, 8 months ago
2Thank You