Steps to clean up London :
(i) Attempts were made to decongest localities.
(ii) To have more green spaces or green belts.
(iii) To adopt measures to prevent or reduce pollution.
(iv) Landscaping the city by planting more trees and plants. Planning poor people’s houses, etc.

The sugar industry is shifting towards southern India i.e., Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh in peninsular India for the following reasons:
1. The yield per hectare of sugarcane is high is southern India.
2. The sucrose content in sugarcane is high in southern India as compared to that in northern India.
3. The southern states have installed new mills where productivity is high and cost of production is low.
4. Climatic conditions are ideal in southern states.
5. The cooperative movements has helped to install new mills in these areas.

The Globalisation has impacted Indian economy in the following ways
(i) Increase in foreign investment, Over the past twenty years, the foreign investment has increased.
(ii) Emergence of Indian companies as multinational Several of the top Indian companies like Tata Motors, Infosys, Ranbaxy have been able to get benefit from the increased competition created as a result of Globalisation.
(iii) Creation of new opportunities Globalisation has created new opportunities for Indian companies, particularly providing services like IT.
(iv) Creation of new jobs For those which are Globalisation has created new jobs and has helped in reducing unemployment rate to an extent.
(v) A host of services such as data entry, accounting, administrative tasks, engineering are now being done cheaply in India.

1)  Teachers and students did not follow the curiculum blindly.
2)  While teaching Vietnamese teachers modified the text and aroused  nationalism.
3)  For the school encourage the students to adopt Western style suggest short hair cut it was considered to be an attack on Vietnamese culture.
4)  In school textbooks Vietnam where represented as primitive and backward and capable on the of manual labour this aroused hatred against the friends and love for the country.
5)  Discrimination in the schools give rise to protest and demonstrations.

i) It is made up of mineral rich- sediments of rock that have been weathered and eroded in the mountains and deposited in the plains.
ii) Silk, clay, gravel and sand the main constituents of alluvial soil.
iii) Old alluvium is known as Bhangar and new alluvium is known as khadar soil.
iv) This type of soil is very fertile and god for agriculture.

Following are the characteristics of alluvial soil:

1. Alluvial soil is considered the most fertile soil. The entire northern plains of India are made of alluvial soil.

2. Alluvial soil contains sand, silt and clay.

3. According to age, the alluvial soil is classified as Bangar (old alluvial) and Khadar (new alluvial).

4. Alluvial soil contains an ample amount of potash, phosphoric acid and lime. The soil is thus suitable for the growth of sugarcane.

In India, alluvial soil is deposited by Rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra. Alluvial soil is found in the northern Indian plains extending to some parts of Rajasthan and Gujarat. It is also found in the eastern coastal plains, especially in the delta of Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari and Kaveri.

Napoleon incorporated revolutionary principles in the administrative field to make the whole system more rational and effective. His civil code of 1804 was known as Napoleonic Code.
(i) First, he did away with all the privileges based on birth. Everyone became equal before the law. He abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial duties.

(ii) He secured the right to property.
(iii) Peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen found a new-found freedom as guild restrictions were removed in towns also.
(iv) Uniform laws, standardised weights and measures, a common national currency facilitated the movement and exchange of goods and capital from one region to another.

Napoleon's codes (1804) were a set of civil codes that had to be practiced by the French society. The aim of the code was to reform the French society, in areas such as family, property, civil procedure etc.
Established equality before law, Abolished all privileges based on birth, Granted the right to property to French citizens, Simplified administrative divisions, Abolished feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom, Removed restrictions on guilds in towns, Improved transport and communication.
Napoleon incorporated revolutionary principles in the administrative field to make the whole system more rational and effective. His civil code of 1804 was known as Napoleonic Code.
(i) First, he did away with all the privileges based on birth. Everyone became equal before the law. He abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial duties.
(ii) He secured the right to property.
(iii) Peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen found a new-found freedom as guild restrictions were removed in towns also.
(iv) Uniform laws, standardised weights and measures, a common national currency facilitated the movement and exchange of goods and capital from one region to another.

Gandhi started Satyagraha in 1919 against the Rowlatt Act because the act laid down measures which were insulting and challenging for the Indians.

It stated that Indian political leaders found to be involved in any activities which were considered illegitimate by British authorities shall be held back for a period of three years without any trial.

The previous Satyagraha at Champaran and Kheda had been massive success.

• It provides the immediate advantage of meeting current basic human needs.
• Fast industrialization and development
• Provides l?arge number of products for use and comforts
• Improvement of the lifestyles of people increase the pollution levels, global warming, depletion of resources etc.

So it is better to use resources with a long-term perspective. This will prevent depletion of resources, not harm our environment and also ensure availability of resources for our future generation.

Mahatma Gandhi (October 2, 1869 to January 30, 1948) was the leader of India’s non-violent independence movement against British rule and in South Africa who advocated for the civil rights of Indians. Born in Porbandar, India, Gandhi studied law and organized boycotts against British institutions in peaceful forms of civil disobedience. He was killed by a fanatic in 1948.
Satyagraha and Nonviolent Civil Disobedience
In 1906, Gandhi organized his first mass civil-disobedience campaign, which he called “Satyagraha” (“truth and firmness”), in reaction to the South African Transvaal government’s new restrictions on the rights of Indians, including the refusal to recognize Hindu marriages.

After years of protests, the government imprisoned hundreds of Indians in 1913, including Gandhi. Under pressure, the South African government accepted a compromise negotiated by Gandhi and General Jan Christian Smuts that included recognition of Hindu marriages and the abolition of a poll tax for Indians. When Gandhi sailed from South Africa in 1914 to return home, Smuts wrote, “The saint has left our shores, I sincerely hope forever.” At the outbreak of World War I, Gandhi spent several months in London.

In 1919, with India still under the firm control of the British, Gandhi had a political reawakening when the newly enacted Rowlatt Act authorized British authorities to imprison people suspected of sedition without trial. In response, Gandhi called for a Satyagraha campaign of peaceful protests and strikes. Violence broke out instead, which culminated on April 13, 1919, in the Massacre of Amritsar, when troops led by British Brigadier General Reginald Dyer fired machine guns into a crowd of unarmed demonstrators and killed nearly 400 people. No longer able to pledge allegiance to the British government, Gandhi returned the medals he earned for his military service in South Africa and opposed Britain’s mandatory military draft of Indians to serve in World War I.
After British authorities arrested Gandhi in 1922, he pleaded guilty to three counts of sedition. Although sentenced to a six-year imprisonment, Gandhi was released in February 1924 after appendicitis surgery. He discovered upon his release that relations between India’s Hindus and Muslims had devolved during his time in jail, and when violence between the two religious groups flared again, Gandhi began a three-week fast in the autumn of 1924 to urge unity. He remained away from active politics during much of the latter 1920s.

Gandhi and the Salt March: In 1930, Gandhi returned to active politics to protest Britain’s Salt Acts, which not only prohibited Indians from collecting or selling salt—a dietary staple—but imposed a heavy tax that hit the country’s poorest particularly hard. Gandhi planned a new Satyagraha campaign that entailed a 390-kilometer/240-mile march to the Arabian Sea, where he would collect salt in symbolic defiance of the government monopoly.
The Salt March sparked similar protests, and mass civil disobedience swept across India. Approximately 60,000 Indians were jailed for breaking the Salt Acts, including Gandhi, who was imprisoned in May 1930. Still, the protests against the Salt Acts elevated Gandhi into a transcendent figure around the world, and he was named Time magazine’s “Man of the Year” for 1930.

Economic liberalization (or economic liberalisation) is the lessening of government regulations and restrictions in an economy in exchange for greater participation by private entities; the doctrine is associated with classical liberalism. Thus, liberalization in short is "the removal of controls" in order to encourage economic development.It is also closely associated with neoliberalism.

Privatization (also spelled privatisation) is the purchase of all outstanding shares of a publicly traded company by private investors, or the sale of a state-owned enterprise to private investors. In the case of a for-profit company, the shares are then no longer traded at a stock exchange, as the company became private through private equity; in the case the partial or full sale of a state-owned enterpriseto private owners shares may be traded in the public market for the first time, or for the first time since an enterprise's previous nationalization.

Bank is a financial institution which receives deposits from the public and lends them for investment purpose i.e., deposits of money and advances of the Main function of banks, but in the era of globalization banks indulges themselves in many activities like Insurance, Mutual Fund Business and Investment in Stock Exchanges. These activities of banking are considered as Para Banking Activities.
Features of Bank

• Money Dealing
• Acceptance of Deposit
• Grant of loan and advances
• Payment and withdrawal of deposits
• Transfer of funds
• Portfolio management
• Foreign Exchange dealing

Circumstances that led to Jallianwala Bagh incident were. The Rowlatt Act (1919) was passed by the British government despite the united opposition of the Indian members. This Act gave enormous powers to the government to repress political activities and allowed detention of any person without trial for two years.
Gandhiii wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust laws. Rallies were organised in different cities. Alarmed by the popular upsurge. British administration imposed martial law in Amritsar.
Jallianwala Bagh is situated in Amritsar (Puniab). Here as a mark of protest against the Rowlatt Act. a peaceful assembly was going on. People from many surrounding villages were participating. Some came here to attend the annual Baisakhi fair. The garden where people assembled was enclosed on three sides and had only one entrance. In order to terrorise the people. General Dyer entered the park with troops. Without giving any warning to the people. he ordered his sepoys to fire at them. In this firing, many people were killed and many wounded.

The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of government. Such changes require the consent of both the levels of government.
Only when the State and Central Government agree to the change in fundamental provisions, they can be changed.

Mahatma Gandhi is perhaps the most widely recognized figure of the Indian Nationalist Movement for his role in leading non-violent civil uprisings. He first employed the non-violent approach in South Africa where he was serving as an expatriate lawyer. He was hurt and angry when he witnessed the discrimination and exploitation of coloured people under Whites rule. He organizes non-violent protests in the country which gained him fame and support from the people of South Africa. Unforgettable is his services which gave us freedom, the same are enumerated below.
•The Satyagraha Movement:- One of his major achievements is in the year 1918 were the Champaran and Kheda agitations which are also called a movement against British landlords. The farmers and peasantry were forced to grow and cultivate Indigo and were even to force to sell them at fixed prices. Finally, these farmers pledged to Mahatma Gandhi which resulted in non-violent protest. Wherein Gandhiji won the battle. Kheda, in the year 1918 was hit by floods and farmers wanted relief from tax. Using non-cooperation as his main weapon Gandhiji used it in pledging the farmers for nonpayment of taxes.
•  The Dandi March, Civil Disobedience, and Salt Satyagraha:The abrupt ending of the Non-Cooperation Movement did nothing to stop the quest for independence. On March 12, 1930, protesters took part in the Dandi March, a campaign designed to resist taxes and protest the British monopoly on salt. Gandhi began the 24-day, 240-mile march with 79 followers and ended with thousands. When the protesters reached the coastal town of Dandi, they produced salt from saltwater without paying the British tax.

In 1919, the Rowlatt Act was passed hurriedly through the Imperial Legislative Council, despite the united opposition of the Indian members.
This Act gave the British Government enormous powers to repress political activities. According to this law, political prisoners could be detained in prison without trial for two years.
Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust law. Rallies were organised in various cities, workers went on strike in railway workshops, and shops closed down. British administration decided to suppress the nationalists. Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar, and Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi.

In 1919, the Rowlatt Act was passed hurriedly through the Imperial Legislative Council, despite the united opposition of the Indian members.
This Act gave the British Government enormous powers to repress political activities. According to this law, political prisoners could be detained in prison without trial for two years.
Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against such unjust law. Rallies were organised in various cities, workers went on strike in railway workshops, and shops closed down. British administration decided to suppress the nationalists. Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar, and Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi

It is true that the impact of globalisation has not been uniform.
This can he explained through the following points
(i) Globalisation has some negative impacts on employment and real wages. Due to ushering in of new technologies, output increases, but employment opportunities are not much, especially in rural areas, where over 60% of the population lives.
(ii) Globalisation is mainly beneficial to‘large capitalists, industries and large companies. Consequently, it increases the concentration of economic power and leads to inequalities.
(iii) In India, during 1990-9.1 more than 33% of national product originated in the agricultural sector, but this share has come down to 23% in 2004-05.

The Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional and cultural diversities.
(a) They amended their constitution four times so as to work out an innovative arrangement that would enable everyone to live together in peace and harmony, i.e., there was sharing of power between the Dutch and the French both in the central government; state government and community government. They followed a policy of accommodation.
(b) This helped to avoid civic strife and division of the country on linguistic lines.
(c) On the other hand, the Sinhalese who were in majority in Sri Lanka as compared to the Tamils followed a policy of majoritarianism and adopted a series of measures to establish Sinhala supremacy by passing an Act of 1956.
These measures alienated the Tamils leading to civic strife between the two communities.

We find that both Belgium and Sri Lanka dealt with the issue of power sharing differently. In Belgium, the leaders respected the interests of both linguistic groups and avoided any possibilities of clashes among the Dutch- and French-speaking communities. In Sri Lanka, however, the assertive policies of the majority community led to a civil war threatening the unity and integrity of the country.