In modern democracies, power sharing can take the following forms:
1. Organs of Government: In democracy, power shared among Legislature, Executive and Juduciary.This is known as distribution of power, it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to excercise different powers. No organ can excercise unlimited power as each organ checks the others.
2. Governments at different levels: In federal form of government, power is shared between the central and state governments. In India there is another lower level of government -local self government.This is called vertical division of government.
3. Social Groups:  Power may also be shared among different social groups such as religious and linguistic groups. In iIndia there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration.

(i) Division of powers : The Constitution demarcates the powers of the central and the state governments into different lists of subjects.There are three lists :
(i) Union List.
(ii) State List.
(iii) Concurrent List.
(ii) Three-tier system : As discussed earlier, under a federal government different tiers of the government govern the same citizens. This is true for India. In India, we have a three-tier system of government, i.e.,
• Union Government
• State Government
• Local Self-Government.
(iii) Not equal powers to all administrative units : Most of the federations that are formed by ‘holding together’ do not give equal powers to its constituent units. Thus, all states in the Indian Union do not have identical powers. Some states enjoy a special status. Jammu and Kashmir has its own Constitution. Many provisions of the Indian Constitution are not applicable to this state without the permission of the state assembly.
(iv) Consent of both the levels of the government : Under a federal government, the fundamental provisions cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of the government, and the same is true for India. The Parliament cannot on its own change the fundamental structure of the Constitution.
implementation of constitutional provisions and procedures. The same is true for India. In case of any dispute about the division of powers, the High Courts and the Supreme Court take a decision.
(vi) Separate sources of income : A clear mention regarding the financial powers of the centre and the states has been made in the Indian Constitution. Income tax, excise duty, corporation tax, etc., are levied and collected by the central government, whereas land revenue, stamp duty, building tax, etc., come under the state government.

1. The third-tier of the government works at the lowest level. Village panchayats and municipal corporations are the example of local self-government. The members of the village panchayats are elected by the village people and the members of the municipal corporations are elected by the people of a city.
2. The head of the village panchayat is known as the Sarpanch. Panchayat is the decision-making body of the entire village. However, the Panchayat works under the supervision of the Gram Sabha.
3. Some panchayats grouped together form the Panchayat Samiti or the Block. Its members are elected by the members of the Panchayats. Zilla Parishad exists at the top level of the rural bodies. Most of its members are elected. Zilla Parishad chairperson is the political head of the Zilla Parishad.
4. Urban areas and cities have their own local bodies. While small towns and cities have municipality, bigger cities have municipal corporations. Elections to these bodies take place regularly after every five years. While a mayor is the head of the municipal corporation, a municipal chairperson is a head of a municipality.
5. Seats are reserved for the people of schedules caste, scheduled tribes and other backward classes. One third of the total seats are also reserved for women.

The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful. So the Dutch speaking community, who got the benefit of economic development and education much later showed the resentment between the Dutch-speaking and the French-speaking communities during the 1950s and the 1960s. The conflict between the two communities was more severe in Brussels because the Dutch speaking people constituted a majority in the country, but a minority in the capital.

The term developed country is used to describe countries that  have a high level of development according to some criteria. Which  criteria, and which countries are classified as being developed, is a  contentious issue and is surrounded by fierce debate. Economic criteria  have tended to dominate discussions. One such criterion is income per  capita; countries with highGross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita would thus be described as developed countries. Another economic criterion is industrializationcountries in which the tertiary and Quaternary Sectors of Industry dominate would thus be described as developed. More recently another measure, the Human Development Index  (HDI), which combines an economic measure, national income, with other  measures, indices for life expectancy and education has become  prominent. This criterion would define developed countries as those with  a very high (HDI) rating.and less rate of poor people.

• Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary who founded two underground societies; first Young Italy in Marseilles and then Young Europe in Berne.
• Giuseppe Mazzini was an important figure in liberal natioanlism. He made a significant contribution to the unification of Italy.
• By 1830, Giuseppe Mazzini put forward a coherent programme of a unitary Italian Republic formed a secret society named Young Italy to inspire them with ideas of unification.
• Inspired by Mazzini several Secret societies sprang up in many European states to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas.
• He inspired the youth of Italy with natioanlist ideas.
• He believed God intended nations to be natural units of mankind and Italy could not continue to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms.
• He founded the underground secret societies Youth Italy Italy and Young Europe to involve the youth in revolutionary activities.

A gully is a pass which is formed due to the action of water or you can say it is a landform which is created by the running water.

Evolution is a step by step process, it does not happen in few years. It takes generations by generations to exhibit variations over a large range. Organisms get adapted to their habitat by bring about certain changes in their structure. These changes are called as adaptations which bring about variations in the evolution. These variations are carried on to successive generations by natural selection. A classic example which supports the statement 'Evolution by stages' is the evolution of eye.

In lower organisms like planaria, optic sensory structures are present  as patches which act as eye spots.
In organisms like cockroaches, compound eyes are present which help them to see around their body.
In organisms like octopus, eye is remarkable having  iris, circular lens, vitreous cavity, retina with photoreceptor cells. They lack a cornea. The lens in octopus does not change its shape but focusses through movement.
In vertebrates, eye is a well-developed sensory structure with iris, ciliary muscles, pupil, cornea and a lens. The size of the pupil can be regulated. Shape of the lens can be adjusted in order to focus the image on the retina.

A medium of exchange is an intermediary instrument used to facilitate the sale, purchase or trade of goods between parties. For an instrument to function as a medium of exchange, it must represent a standard of value accepted by all parties. In modern economies, the medium of exchange is currency.

A sovereign state of which most of the citizens or subjects are united also by factors which define a nation, such as language or common descent.

A sovereign state of which most of the citizens or subjects are united also by factors which define a nation, such as language or common descent.

The Cheese and the Worms is a scholarly work by the Italian historian Carlo Ginzburg. The book is a notable example of cultural history, the history of mentalities and microhistory.
The book examines the beliefs and world-view of Menocchio (1532–1599), also known as Domenico Scandella, who was an Italian miller from the village of Montereale, twenty-five kilometers north of Pordenone.
Menocchio had a "tendency to reduce religion to morality", using this as justification for his blasphemy during his trial because he believed that the only sin was to harm one's neighbor and that to blaspheme caused no harm to anyone but the blasphemer.
He went so far as to say that Jesus was born of man and Mary was not a virgin, that the Pope had no power given to him from God (but simply exemplified the qualities of a good man), and that Christ had not died to "redeem humanity".

“Resource planning is a technique or skill of proper or judicious use of resources. ”
Resource planning is a complex process which involves :
(i) Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping, qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources.
(ii) Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans.
(iii) Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.