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lluvial soil 
1. are the soil that are very fertile and ideal crop for the production of rice.
2.they have high content of humus
3.they are porous of its loamy nature.
4.found in large proportion in indo gangetic plain.
5.are formed from sediments from rivers.
Black soil
1. it contains large amount of clay and holds water.
2.rich in minerals like lime,potash,carbonate and potassium.
3.developes deep crack in hot seasons.
4.found in valleys of maharashtra,mp,chattisgarh.
5.also called regur soil and ideal for growing cotton.

Forest soil
1.as by the name these soils are found in forest and nearby areas.
2.formed by decompositions of leaves and dead remains.
3.very fertile but the fertility may decrease by increasing height as the temp decreases and microbes may die.
4.nice capacity to absorb moisture.
5.useful for tea plantations.

laterite soil.
1.it is naturally infertile.
2.latter means brick 
3.by adding manure and fertilizer it can be used for growing tea.coffee,chico hona.
4.found in karanatka,andhra pravesh etc.
5.low humus content .

red and yellow soil.
1.formed due diffusion of iron in these soil makes it red.
2.high iron content but has less fertility
3.when red soil decomposes it converts to yellow soil .
4.it happens deep inside due to pressures. 
5.microbes die due to high temperature

arid soil
1.infertile.
2.less water content.
3.no microbes due to high temperature.
4.found in rajasthan etc

1.The main problems indian farmers face are lack of incentive by the  government.
2.some of the other problems are like uncertainity in rainfall and because of  the lack of money they are not able to buy latest instruments.
3.uncertain rain
4. lack of technology,HYV seeds,irrigation facilities
5.  less sunsidery from government
6. small farms

The process of transformation of things into resource involves an inter-dependent relationship between nature, technology and institutions.
Human beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to accelerate the pace of economic development. Human beings are essential components of resources as they transform materials in the environment into resources and use them.

The horizontal power sharing

• Power is shared among different organs of government such as the legislature, executive and judiciary.
• Organs of the government are placed at the same level to exercise different powers.
• Each organ observes the other.

The vertical sharing power,

• Power is shared among the different levels of the governments.
• Power involves the highest and the lower levels of government.
• The lower organs work under the higher organs

Special majority as per article 249 requires a majority of 2/3rd members present and voting.

Example:

Rajya Sabha, Total Strength = 245

Members Present and Voting = 210

2/3rd of 210 = 140

Majority = 140 + 1 = 141 votes

Buddhism

 Power sharing varies differently in countries. However, in the Indian context, the power-sharing flowchart is as under. Legislative Executive Judiciary.

Non cooperation movement was a mass movement which was launched by Gandhi in 1920. It was a peaceful and a non-violent protest against the British government in India. 

Programmes of the Non Cooperation movement were:

• Indians were asked to relinquish their titles and resign from nominated seats in the local bodies as a mark of protest.
• People had to resign from their government jobs.
• People were asked to withdraw their children from government-controlled or aided schools and colleges.
• People had to boycott foreign goods and use only Indian-made goods.

The main aim of the Non Cooperation movement was the demand of 'Swaraj' or the self government. 

• The movement was essentially a peaceful and non-violent protest against the British government in India.
• Indians were asked to relinquish their titles and resign from nominated seats in the local bodies as a mark of protest.
• People were asked to resign from their government jobs.
• People were asked to withdraw their children from government-controlled or aided schools and colleges.
• People were asked to boycott foreign goods and use only Indian-made goods.
• People were asked to boycott the elections to the legislative councils.
• People were asked not to serve in the British army.
• It was also planned that if the above steps did not bring results, people would refuse to pay their taxes.
• The INC also demanded Swarajya or self-government.
• Only completely non-violent means would be employed to get the demands fulfilled.
• The non-cooperation movement was a decisive step in the independence movement because for the first time, the INC was ready to forego constitutional means to achieve self-rule.
• Gandhiji had assured that Swaraj would be achieved in a year if this movement was continued to completion.

Governments at different levels: In federal form of government, power is shared between the central and state governments. In India there is another lower level of government -local self government.This is called vertical division of government.
Social Groups: Power may also be shared among different social groups such as religious and linguistic groups. In India, there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration.

The importance of Human Development Index are as follows:

1. It indicates the development of a country.
2. It indicates how far it has to yet develop to achieve a higher rank with respect to other countries.
3. It indicates the areas of improvement for a country.
4. Through it, one comes to know of the important elements of economic welfare like - life expectancy, level of education and real per capita income.
5. It measures material and non-material components of development.
6. Human Development Index (HDI) is helpful for a country to plan its future goals for development.