Primitive Subsistence Farming: This type of farming is practiced on small patches of land. Primitive tools and family/community labour are used in this type of farming. The farming mainly depends on monsoon and natural fertility of soil. Crops are grown as per the suitability of the environmental condition.

This is also called <i>‘slash and burn’</i> agriculture. A patch of land is cleared by slashing the vegetation and then the slashed plants are burnt. The ash; thus obtained is mixed with the soil and crops are grown.

This type of farming produces just enough crops to sustain the family. After a couple of seasons, the patch is left fallow and a new patch of land is prepared for farming. This allows the earlier patch of land to replenish its fertility through the natural process.

(i) Adverse effect on the fertility of the soil: Due to the construction of dams, there are no annual floods in the river. And because of this, the soil of the downstream region does not get nutrient rich “silt”. This decreases the fertility of the soil.
(ii) Adverse impact on aquatic life: Due to the construction of dams on the rivers, the fish in the downstream area do not get sufficient nutrient material. Regulating and damming of rivers affect the natural flow of water causing poor sediment flow downward, and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of reservoir, resulting in rockier stream beds and poorer habitats for the rivers aquatic life. Dams also fragment rivers making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate for spawning i.e., to produce eggs.
(iii) Displacement of local communities : The building of large dams results in displacement of local communities. The local people often have to give up their land and livelihood and their meagre access and control over resources for the greater food of the nation.
(iv) Change in the cropping pattern : The multipurpose projects are responsible for providing assured means of irrigation to farmers. Due to this, most of the farmers have changed the cropping pattern shifting to water intensive and commercial crops. This has led to salinisation of soil leading to ecological imbalance.

Technology is the vital force in the modern form of business globalization. Technology has enabled the software experts to work collaboratively over the network with companies from around the world. The technological advancement has helped a lot in creation and growth of global market. Globalisation is a term too easily used without reference to the basic enabling role of technology. It is the interplay between available technology and the prevailing social processes, especially dominant institutional forms, which has essentially determined the long process of globalisation. This process has gone through phases exhibiting varying core characteristics as production, transport and communications technologies especially have interrelated with the institutional structures of nation states, military forces and firms especially. However, a general trend to geographical and tendentially global expansion has been constant, along with an intensification of information processing and communications capacity. The role of technology has been to enable this physical expansion culminating in globalisation, including the techno-industrial capacity that increasingly drove it through the construction of better and cheaper artefacts.

1. CENTRAL/ UNION GOVERNMENT- It is the government at the head or the centre. It is the most powerful government of a given country, and has dominance over the other levels of the government. It works for the subjects included in the Union List.

2. STATE GOVERNMENT- It is the tier og the government that comes under the central government. They work for the subjects included in the State List. In India, different state governments enjoy different powers.

3. LOCAL GOVERNMENT- This tier of the government comes under the State governments. Its work is to help the state government in its functioning. It generally helps in construction and maintenance of various public services.

Read more on Brainly.in - https://brainly.in/question/1202326#readmore

Science is the study of the nature and behaviour of natural things and the knowledge that we obtain about them. A science is a particular branch of science such as physics, chemistry, or biology. Physics is the best example of a science which has developed strong, abstract theories. Science includes the departments of learning and bodies of fact in disciplines such as anthropology, archaeology, astronomy, biology, botany, chemistry, cybernetics, geography, geology, mathematics, medicine, physics, physiology, psychology, social science, sociology, and zoology.

1. Individual Resources: These are owned privately by individuals. Many farmers own land which is allotted to them by government against the payment of revenue. Urban people own houses, plots and other property. So plantation, pasture land, ponds, etc. are some of the examples of resource ownership by individuals.
2. Community-owned Resources: These are resources which are accessible to all the members of the community. For example, grazing grounds, burial grounds, village ponds, etc. and public parks, picnic spots, playground, etc. are accessible to all people. Thus they are community- owned resources.
3. National Resources: All the resources within the nation are called national resources. All the minerals, water resources, forests, wildlife, land within the political boundaries and oceanic area upto 12 nautical miles from the coast and resources within the nation, belong to the nation.
4. International Resources: There are international institutions which regulate some resources. The oceanic resources beyond 200 kms of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to open ocean and no individual country can utilise these without the permission of international institutions.

India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru gave a term Temples of modern India while inaugurating Bhakra Nangal Dam. The multipurpose project called"Temples of modern India" because these multipurpose projects are the main source of power generation they generate electricity .

Institutional reforms: Steps taken by the government to breing about improvements in agriculture are termed as 'Institutional Reforms'. Some steps are: Establishment of 'Gramin Banks' cooperative societies and Banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest.

The benefits of rainwater harvesting system are listed below.

• Less of cost.
• Helps in reducing the water bill.
• Decreases the demand for water.
• Reduces the need for imported water.
• Promotes both water and energy conservation.
• Improves the quality and quantity of groundwater.
• Does not require a filtration system for landscape irrigation.
• This technology is relatively simple, easy to install and operate.
• It reduces soil erosion, storm water runoff, flooding, and pollution of surface water with fertilizers, pesticides, metals and other sediments.
• It is an excellent source of water for landscape irrigation with no chemicals and dissolved salts and fee from all minerals.

Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Report, was published on October 1987 by the United Nations through the Oxford University Press. This publication was in recognition of Gro Harlem Brundtland's, former Norwegian Prime Minister, role as Chair of the World Commission on Environment and Development.

Advantages of SHGs:

• The SHGs help the borrower to overcome the problem of lack of collateral.
• They can get timely loans for a variety of purposes and at a reasonable interest rate.
• SHGs are the building blocks of organisation of the rural poor.
• Not only do they help women become financially self-reliant, the regular meetings of the group provide a platform to discuss and act on a variety of social issues such as health, nutrition, domestic violence, etc.

Rowlatt Acts, (February 1919), legislation passed by the Imperial Legislative Council, the legislature of British India. The acts allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted internment of suspects without trial.
OR
Rowlatt Act 1919 authorised the Government:
To arrest and imprison any person without trial in a court of law.
To demand security from any person, impose restriction on residence, curb freedom of activities, to search house and arrest any person, at any place.

Economic development means that the rate of production must be faster than the rate of increase in population. In other words, it is a process which makes people in general, better off by increasing their command over goods and services and by increasing the choices open to them.
Two bases of measuring economic development of a country are -
National Income and Per Capita Income.

The Swaraj Party was formed by Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das in order to fight British colonialism from within and give the people of India a responsible and responsive government by making the colonial state accountable. The formation of this party allowed the Congress leaders who believed in participating in government an avenue to contest elections.

Firstly, power sharing is good because it helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Since social conflict often leads to violence and political instability, power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order.

 Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise, and who have to live with its effects. People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.