The Greek War of Independence mobilized nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe in 1830-1848.
Greece had been part of the Ottoman Empire since the fifteenth century. The growth of revolutionary nationalism in Europe sparked off a struggle for independence amongst the Greeks which began in 1821.

c. What is the significance of the border roads?

Solution:

Border roads are of strategic importance and these roads in the bordering areas of the country have improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain and have helped in the economic development of these areas.

3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

a. Why are the means of transportation and communication called the lifelines of a nation and its economy?

Solution:

The means of transportation and communication are called the lifelines of a nation and its economy because they are the pre-requisites for fast development. Today, India is well-linked with the rest of the world despite its vast size, diversity and linguistic and socio-cultural plurality. Railways, airways, waterways, newspapers, radio, cinema, television and internet etc. have been contributing to its socio-economic progress in many ways.

Along with trade, these different means of transport and communication have enriched our life and added substantially to growing amenities and facilities for the comforts of life.

b.Write a note on the changing nature of international trade in the last fifteen years.

Solution:

Trade between countries is known as international trade. International trade has undergone a vast change in the last fifteen years. Exchange of goods and commodities have been superseded by the exchange of information and knowledge. For e.g., – India has emerged as a software giant at the international level, and it is earning large foreign exchange through the export of information technology.

International trade also depends on the relationship between the countries and other external factors like duties and tariffs on the transportation of goods. In the last fifteen years, different trade blocks have emerged which have changed how international trade was conducted previously.

Labour, market and transport

Human inputs that control location of industries are Labour, market and Transport facilities.

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment guarantee act .

Tq maniya gandhi

Mahatma gandhi National rural employment guarantee act.

Mahatma gandhi National rural employment guarantee act.

This answer is absolutely correct

silencer controls the flowing direction of the high pressure exhaust gases and release them into the atmosphere in such a manner so that minimum noise is produced.

• In Britain, the formation of the nation state was not the result of a sudden revolution. It was the result of a long process.

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• There was no British nation prior to the eighteenth century.
• British Isles were ethnic ones. Ethnic groups had their own cultural and political traditions
• The English nation steadily grew in wealth, importance and power. It became able to extend its influence over the other nations of the islands.
• The English Parliament had seized power from the monarchy in 1688.
• The Act of Union, 1707 between England and Scotland resulted in the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. With the result, England became able to impose its influence on Scotland.

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• IN Britain, the formation of the nation state was not the result of a sudden revolution. It was the result of a long process.
• There was no British nation prior to the eighteenth century.
• British Isles were ethnic ones. Ethnic groups had their own cultural and political traditions
• The English nation steadily grew in wealth, importance and power. It became able to extend its influence over the other nations of the islands.
• The English Parliament had seized power from the monarchy in 1688.
• The Act of Union, 1707 between England and Scotland resulted in the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. With the result, England became able to impose its influence on Scotland.

The products which we get from Nature in the form of raw materials are called natural products.

The product that we get from nature as a raw material. For ex_. Rubber,Gums etc.

A natural product is an organic one

A natural product is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature. In the broadest sense, natural products include any substance produced by life. The broadest definition of natural product is anything that is produced by life, and includes the likes of biotic materials (e.g. wood, silk), bio-based materials (e.g. bioplastics, cornstarch), bodily fluids (e.g. milk, plant exudates), and other natural materials (e.g. soil, coal).

The major examples of social inequality include income gap, gender inequality, health care, and social class. In health care, some individuals receive better and more professional care compared to others. They are also expected to pay more for these services. Democracy has a significant and robust effect on redistribution, but it fails to reduce inequality. ... Thus, the benefits of any redistributive policy accrue more to the middle class than the poor, and as a result, income inequality may not decline as expected (see also Stigler 1970).

Globalization means the speedup of movements and exchanges (of human beings, goods, and services, capital, technologies or cultural practices) all over the planet. One of the effects of globalization is that it promotes and increases interactions between different regions and populations around the globe.

Every political party has a number of functions to perform. Here we have listed some of them.

• A political party contests elections by putting up candidates.
• In countries like the USA, the candidates are selected by members and supporters of a party.
• On the other hand, in countries like India, the candidates are chosen by top party leaders.
• Every party has different policies and programmes. Voters make a choice in accordance with the policies and programmes liked by them.
• In a democratic country, a large group of people that has certain similar opinions group together and form a party. Then then, give a direction to the policies adopted by the government.
• Those parties which lose elections form the opposition. They voice different views and criticise the government for their failures and mobilize opposition to the government.

Two functions of political parties are : 1. They form and run government. 2. Political parties contest elections.

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France

France is right answer of your question

France

Europe

Nawab Salimullah of Dacca proposed the formation of a Muslim political party and on 30th December 1906, a new party was launched at the Dacca Educational Conference. This party was known as the All India Muslim League. 

1. Political parties are the most visible instruments of bringing a change in a specific democratic country. Most of the ordinary citizens identify with popular political parties. For example- if we travel to the remote parts or villages of a country and speak to the less educated people, we would come to know that although they do not know anything about the government or the constitution they do identify with party symbols.
 2. Political parties are crucial institutions of a democracy which perform a variety of functions in the smooth working of a country. They are composed of leaders, active members, and their followers.
3. Governments at various levels such as the national or state level are formed through the election process wherein different political parties compete to exercise political power.
4. Parties play a crucial role in putting forward their policies and programmes for the welfare of the general public.
5. Political parties are also involved in the process of decision making. Since most of the members of the legislature belong to different parties, they tend to influence decision making by going in the direction of the party leadership.

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hhtps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=roNorcJTo1s&t=338s&ab_channel=Unacademyclass9%2610

‘Resource’: Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, is called a resource. It should be technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable. Only then, it can be termed as a ‘Resource’. Examples: minerals, forests, fossil fuels etc. Classification of Resources: (a) On the basis of origin: Biotic and Abiotic. (b) On the basis of exhaustibility: Renewable and Non-renewable. (c) On the basis of ownership: Individual (Personal), Community, National and International. (d) On the basis of status and development: Potential, Developed, Reserve and Stock.

‘Resource’:
Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, is called a resource. It should be technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable. Only then, it can be termed as a ‘Resource’. Examples: minerals, forests, fossil fuels etc.

Classification of Resources:
(a) On the basis of origin: Biotic and Abiotic.
(b) On the basis of exhaustibility: Renewable and Non-renewable.
(c) On the basis of ownership: Individual (Personal), Community, National and International.
(d) On the basis of status and development: Potential, Developed, Reserve and Stock.

(i) Mass communication is required to spread the flow of information upto the grassroot level. Therefore government has made special provision to extend 24 hours STD facility to every village in the country.
(ii) All India Radio" (Altashwani) broadcasts a variety of programmes in national, regional and local languages for various categories of people spread over different parts of the country.
(iii) Doordarshan broadcasts a variety of programmes for entertainment, educational programmes to sports, etc., for people of different age groups.
(iv) India publishes a large number of newspapers and periodicals annually.
(v) India is the largest producer of feature films in the world. It produces short films, video feature films and video short films.

no

Dei u know the answer

dai hanuj na Gurru

 

Dynastic Succession: With power in the hands of a few top leaders, all party positions go to their family members. These members may not be qualified or have the ability to hold their positions.

Money and Muscle Power:
• Money is needed to organise demonstrations, public meetings, and speeches to publicise the image of the party. Parties choose those candidates who can raise money for the party and win elections with their money.
• Sometimes parties also support criminals candidates because they can win elections.

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Features: Men and women walking across the statue of liberty offering homage.Statue of liberty has a torch of enlightenment and Charter of the Rights of Man.On the Earth lie the shattered remains of the symbols of absolutist institutions.In 1848, a French artist named Fredric Sorrieu, visualised his dream of a world made up of 'democratic and social republics' and prepared a series of four prints. In the first print, People of Europe and America are shown marching and playing homage to the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty is personified as a female figure who bears the torch of enlightment in one hand and the charter of the rights of man in the other. The shattered remains of the symbols of Absolutist institutions are shown in the foreground of the image. In the Utopian views of Sorrieu, people of the world are differentiated through their flags and national costume.

Features:

• Men and women walking across the statue of liberty offering homage.
• Statue of liberty has a torch of enlightenment and Charter of the Rights of Man.
• On the Earth lie the shattered remains of the symbols of absolutist institutions.In 1848, a French artist named Fredric Sorrieu, visualised his dream of a world made up of 'democratic and social republics' and prepared a series of four prints.
  
  In the first print,
  People of Europe and America are shown marching and playing homage to the Statue of Liberty.
  
  The Statue of Liberty is personified as a female figure who bears the torch of enlightment in one hand and the charter of the rights of man in the other.
  
  The shattered remains of the symbols of Absolutist institutions are shown in the foreground of the image.
  
  In the Utopian views of Sorrieu, people of the world are differentiated through their flags and national costume.

# ) The process of unification of ITALY was the work of 3 main leaders, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Count Cavour, and Victory Emmanuel II .  # ) Italy was divided into 7 states in which only Sardinia-Piedmont was the only region ruled by a Italian Princely house. # ) The northern Region was ruled by Austrian-Habsburg dynasty, The central was ruled by Popes by France and the Southern region by the Bourbon kings of Spain. # ) The unification of Italy started with the secret societies formed by Mazzini like the Young Italy and the Young Europe. # ) Count Cavour with his tack full diplomacy with France defeated the Austrians and freed the northern Italy. # ) Garibaldi with his armed volunteers called red shirts defeated the Bourbon kings of Spain freeing the kingdom of 2 sicilies. #) Victory Emmanuel the 2nd defeated the popes of France and freeing the southern region and completing the unification of Italy and he was proclaimed the emperor of united Italy.

# ) The process of unification of ITALY was the work of 3 main leaders, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Count Cavour, and Victory Emmanuel II . 
# ) Italy was divided into 7 states in which only Sardinia-Piedmont was the only region ruled by a Italian Princely house.
# ) The northern Region was ruled by Austrian-Habsburg dynasty, The central was ruled by Popes by France and the Southern region by the Bourbon kings of Spain.
# ) The unification of Italy started with the secret societies formed by Mazzini like the Young Italy and the Young Europe.
# ) Count Cavour with his tack full diplomacy with France defeated the Austrians and freed the northern Italy.
# ) Garibaldi with his armed volunteers called red shirts defeated the Bourbon kings of Spain freeing the kingdom of 2 sicilies.
#) Victory Emmanuel the 2nd defeated the popes of France and freeing the southern region and completing the unification of Italy and he was proclaimed the emperor of united Italy. 

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Maps ni chahiye sirf unka work as a statement likh kr bhej do ....ki map mei kya kya fil out Krna h or ye bhi bta dena ki political lena h ya physical map....

You please tell where can i give you the maps

Fallow land are :- • Land which is left uncultivated for one or less than one agricultural year --- current land • land which is left uncultivated for the past one to five agricultural years (other than current land). I hope this may help for you ☺

Fallow land are :- • Land which is left uncultivated for one or less than one agricultural year --- current land • land which is left uncultivated for the past one to five agricultural years (other than current land). I hope this may help for you ☺

RBI

The currency notes on behalf of the Central Government are issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) only.

Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems.

A <i>serf</i> is a person who is forced to work on a plot of land, especially during the medieval period when Europe practiced feudalism, when a few lords owned all the land and everyone else had to toil on it.

The rise of nationalism in Europe

Indian textiles had a heavy demand in the international market. Cotton textiles made huge profit as the clothes made out of cotton were comfortable to wear. Moreover, the finish of the hand-made cotton products were good and attracted more customers abroad.

In points:-
(i) Collapse of local and foreign market :
Due to industrialisation in Britain, their export market collapsed. As British traders started exporting machine- made clothes to India, so their local market shrank.

(ii) Shortage of raw material : As raw cotton was being exported to England, there was a shortage of raw materials.
When the American Civil War broke out. and the cotton supplies from the United States were cut off. Britain turned to India. As raw cotton exports Iron India increased, the price of raw cotton shot up Weavers in India were starved of supplies and forced to buy raw cotton at higher prices.

(iii) Clashes with Gomasthas : Gomasthas were appointed by the government to supervise weavers to collect supplies and examine the quality of cloth. The Gomasthas acted arrogantly and punished weavers for delays in supply. So. the weavers dashed with them.

(iv) System of advances: The Britishers started the system of advances to regularise the supply of cotton and cloth. The weavers eagerly took the advances, in a hope to cam more but they faded to do so They even started losing small plots of land which they had earlier cultivated.

History is so boring....?

The French Revolution which took place in 1789 had various impact on Europe (i) The revolution led to the setting up of Jacobin Clubs in different cities of Europe by students and other members of educated middle classes. It further paved the way for the French armies to moved into Holland, Belgium, Switzerland and some parts of Italy in the 1790s. The idea of nationalism began to be carried by French armies. (ii) Another impact of the revolution was the rise of Napoleon. He took several steps to reform the economy of Europe. The most important among them was the civil code of 1804 which brought the concept of equality of law and uniform laws. (iii) The main aim of the French Revolutionaries was to liberate the peoples of Europe from despotism. They wanted to help other people of Europe to become nations... I hope it's help you..?

Reasons of unpopular Napoleonic rule over other regions were: (i) Administrative reforms did not go hand-inhand with political freedom. The newly annexed regions found themselves under the French rule. (ii) The newly acquired territories had to face increased taxation and censorship. (iii) The forced conscription into French army to conquer other parts of Europe was not popular with the newly conquered people.

Reasons of unpopular Napoleonic rule over other regions were:

(i) Administrative reforms did not go hand-inhand with political freedom. The newly annexed regions found themselves under the French rule.

(ii) The newly acquired territories had to face increased taxation and censorship.

(iii) The forced conscription into French army to conquer other parts of Europe was not popular with the newly conquered people.