Bombay emerged as an important colonial city in the following ways:-

• It was the major outlet for cotton industries from Gujarat.
• It functioned as the major port city.
• It was an important administrative centre in Western India.
• It soon imerged as a major industrial city by establishing more than 85 mills by 1921.
• The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 bout the West close to Bombay.
• Bombay was the junction of 2 major railways.

Alluvial Soils : These soils are formed by the deposition of sediments brought by rivers. They are rich in humus and very fertile. They are found in Great Northern plain, lower valleys of Narmada and Tapti and Northern Gujarat. These soils are renewed every year.
Black Soils: These soils are made up of volcanic rocks and lava-flow. It is concentrated in the parts of Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. It consists of Lime, Iron, Magnesium and also Potash.
Red Soils: These are formed by weathering of ancient metamorphic rocks of Deccan Plateau. Due to iron composition these soils are red in color. When iron content is lower it is yellow or brown. They cover the parts of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Orissa.
 

The main aims of the French revolutionaries were:

1. Drafting of a formal constitution
2. Establishment of representative government
3. Abolition of the monarchy
4. Foundation of a secular and democratic republic
5. To bring essential social changes based on liberalism
6. Liberate the people of Europe from dictatorship 

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total sum of the value of the final goods and services of the Primary, Secondary and Tertiary sectors of the economy of a country produced during a year.
The counting of the various goods and services for calculating GDP can he understood by the following example
Wheat and Hour are intermediate goods used for making final products like bread and biscuits. Intermediate products should not be counted in the figure of GDP. Biscuits and breads are the final products prepared using flour and other ingredients like sugar, salt, oil etc.
Only the final products are reaching the actual consumer. The value of the intermediate products is already counted in the final products and if this is again counted, it will lead to double counting, causing an error in the estimation of GDP.

Tertiary sector is growing fast in India because :-
1) In every country basic services like hospital, Transport etc. services are required.
2) When development takes place in Primary  Secondary sector then the demands for services like transport, storage etc will also increase.
3) When a section of people develop they request services like Shopping ,Restaurants etc and other services .
4) New services have come up like I.C.T which are also service sectors.

The Constitution divides legislative authority between the Union and the States in three lists- the Union     List, the State List and the Concurrent List.
The Union Parliament has exclusive authority to frame laws on subjects enumerated in the list. These include foreign affairs, defense, armed forces, communications, posts and telegraph, foreign trade etc.
The States  alone can make laws. These include public order, police, administration of justice, prison, local governments, agriculture etc.
The Concurrent list comprises criminal and civil procedure, marriage and divorce, economic and special planning trade unions, electricity, newspapers, books, education, population control and family planning etc.
Both the Parliament and the State legislatures can make laws on subjects given in the Concurrent list, but the Centre has a prior and supreme claim to legislate on current subjects. In case of conflict between the law of the State and Union law on a subject in the Concurrent list, the law of the Parliament prevails.

Nationalism and the idea of the nation-state emerged within the culturally and regionally diverse groups of Europe. Due to industrialization and transformation of society there emerged a middle class consisting of businessmen, working professionals, industrialists, labourers and working class people. Out of these, the educated people thought of uniting the culturally compatible sections of people in Europe. This led to nationalism and emergence of the idea of the nation-state.

The Greek War of Independence was an event that had mobilised nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe. Greece had been part of the Ottoman Empire since the fifteenth century. The growth of revolutionary nationalism in Europe sparked off a struggle for independence amongst the Greeks which began in 1821. Nationalist in Greece got support from other Greeks living in exile and also from many Weat Europeans who had sympathies for ancient Greek culture. Poets and artists  lauded Greece as the cradle of European civilisation and mobilised public opinion to support its struggle against a Muslim empire. The English poet Lord Byron organised funds and later went to fight in the war. Finally, the Treaty of Constantinople of 1832 recognised Greece as an independent nation.

An ideal federal must have both mutual trust and agreement to live together. It is a very necessary point to be taken into acoount.The federal system must always be politically stable and should not result in conflicts. For example, We take Sri Lanka and Belgium for this purpose. In Sri Lanka, the majority(Sinhalese) introduced majoritarinsm on the Tamils which was not accepted by Tamils. There was no mutual trust in this case. So this led to a civil war in the country. Whereas in Belgium, The French and Dutch had mutual trust and agreement. The French accepted equal representation in Brussels because the  Dutch accepted equal power in central government . So, There were no conflicts in Belgium.

Biodiversity is immensely rich in wildlife and cultivated species, diverse in form and function, but closely integrated in a system through multiple networks of interdependencies.
Biodiversity is important is important for human lives because the human beings, along with the biodiversity, form a complete web of ecological system in which we are only a part and are very much dependent on this system for our own existence.

Power sharing is desirable for various concrete reasons. Two sets of reasons have been listed out which favours power sharing in two different manners like: Prudential reason and Moral reason.
Prudential Reason
• According to prudential reason power sharing accommodates social diversity hence, helps in reducing the possibility of conflict between social groups.
• Power sharing in another way ensures the political stability through competition among various political parties.
• Besides, power sharing is also desirable to the promotion of national unity and integrity.
Moral Reason
• Moral Reason is a very deeper reason of power sharing.
• According to moral reason power sharing is desirable to produce an accountable, responsible and legitimate government.
• It implies maximum popular participation through decentralisation of powers so that people would be consulted on how th£y are to be governed.
In this way, both the sets of reasons signify the importance of power sharing in the forms of Community Government, Reserved Constituencies and Decentralisation of powers.