Dawn of the century was written by E.T. Paull in 1900.
The picture on the famous book ‘Dawn of the century’ indicates:
1. There is an angle of progress, bearing the flag of the new century and is gently perched on a wheel with wings symbolizing time.
2. The fight is taking into the future.
3. Floating about behind her are the sign of progress- Railway, Camera, Machines, Printing press and factory.

Decentralisation refers to the extension of federal principles and  autonomous decision-making. It means providing people with the power to  make decisions for themselves at grassroots levels.
The basic idea behind the decentrailosation of power is:
1.To solve problems and issues at the local level
2. The people belong to local areas have better knowledge of problems, so can solve easily.
3. And the best thing about decentralisation is that people participate directly in decision making

Power sharing is desirable for various concrete reasons.
Two sets of reasons have been listed out which favors power sharing in two different manners like: Prudential reason and Moral reason.
Prudential Reason
• According to prudential reason power sharing accommodates social diversity hence, helps in reducing the possibility of conflict between social groups.
• Power sharing in another way ensures the political stability through competition among various political parties.
• Besides, power sharing is also desirable to the promotion of national unity and integrity.

Moral Reason
• Moral Reason is a very deeper reason of power sharing.
• According to moral reason power sharing is desirable to produce an accountable, responsible and legitimate government.
• It implies maximum popular participation through decentralisation of powers so that people would be consulted on how they are to be governed.
In this way, both the sets of reasons signify the importance of power sharing in the forms of Community Government, Reserved Constituencies and Decentralisation of powers.

(a) Power Sharing among the Different Organs of Government (i.e., Horizontal distribution of power) In this form of power sharing, power is assigned by the Constitution among different organs of government such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. This type of distribution ensures separation of powers among the organs at the same level, so that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power. Each organ puts a check n the others in order to maintain balance of power under the system of checks and balances. This arrangement is as below in India.
(b) Power Sharing among Governments at Different Levels (Vertical distribution of power sharing) In this form of power sharing, power is shared at the different levels of government.The overall governing body for the country is known as ‘Union Government’ or ‘Federal Government’ and the government at the constituent units is known as State Government. The third or lowest level is local government, i.e., Municipalities and Panchayats (in India).
(c) Power Sharing among Political Parties, Pressure Groups and Movements In a democracy, power is also shared among different political parties, pressure groups and movements. Democracy provides the citizens a freedom to choose their rulers. This freedom is provided by various political parties which contest elections to win them. Such competition ensures that power is not always in the hand of a single person.
(d) Power Sharing among Different Social Groups In a democracy especially, in multiethnic society, power is also shared among social groups such as religious and linguistic groups. ‘Community Government’ in Belgium is a good example of this arrangement. There are constitutional and legal arrangements in India whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration. We have a, system of ‘reserved constituencies’ in State Assemblies and the Parliament. This type of arrangement is meant to give proper share in the government and administration to diverse social groups who otherwise would feel alienated from the government.

This pact was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on 5 March 1931.
Salient features of this act were as following:
1. The Congress would participate in the Round Table Conference.
2. The Congress would discontinue the Civil Disobedience Movement.
3. The Government would withdraw all ordinances issued to curb the Congress.
4. The Government would withdraw all prosecutions relating to offenses other than violent one.
The Government would release all persons undergoing sentences of imprisonment for their activities in the civil disobedience movement.

Federalism is a government in which powers of the government are divided between the central government and the governments of the constituent units of the country.
Unitary form of government is a government in which all the powers of government are concentrated into the hands of one central government and all the units are subordinate and under the central government.

(i) After returning from Africa in 1915 Gandhiji launched some local satyagraha’s but he was looking for an opportunity to launch a national level movement against the Britishers.
(ii) The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched by Gandhiji to support the Khilafat
(iii) It was also launched against Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh incident.
(iv) Gandhiji merged the Khilafat Movement with the Non-cooperation Movement to bring the Muslims under the umbrella of a unified national movement.

The Key Features of Federalism
1. There are two or more levels (or tiers) of government.
2. Citizens are governed by the different tiers of government, but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
3. The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of government are specified in the constitution. So the existence and authority of each tier of government is constitutionally guaranteed.
4. One level of the government cannot unilaterally change the fundamental provisions of the constitution. Such changes require the consent of both the levels of government.
5. The power to interpret the constitution and the powers of different levels of government are given to the courts. If disputes arise between different levels of government in the exercise of their respective powers, the highest court acts as an umpire.
6. To ensure its financial autonomy, sources of revenue are clearly specified, for each level of the government.
7. To safeguard and promote unity of the country are the two main objectives of a Federal System. These two aspects are very important for the practice of Federalism. The governments at different levels should agree to some rules of power sharing.