Charged particles are responsible for the conductance of electricity in an acid. These charged particles called as ions are the reason behind conductance of electricity in acid.  When dissolved in water, acids donate hydrogen ions (H+). Hydrogen ions are hydrogen atoms that have lost an electron and now have just a proton, giving them a positive electrical charge. Bases, on the other hand, mixed with water yield hydroxide ions (OH-).The presence of hydrogen (H+) or hydronium (H3O+) ions in the aqueous solution of an acid are responsible for conducting electricity.

A nuclear power plant produces electricity with the help of a nuclear fuel (uranium-235 or plutonium-239) through a self-sustaining fission chain reaction (nuclear reactions) that releases energy at a controlled rate.

Nuclear fission reaction is used to generate electricity in nuclear power plants. Most of the power plants use uranium 235 as fuel to produce heat.

In a nuclear power plant, the fission of nuclear fuel, uranium 235 is carried out in a steel pressure vessel of the nuclear reactor. The enriched uranium 235 rods are inserted in a core made of graphite blocks inside the reactor. This graphite is called as the moderator because it slows down the speed of neutrons for an effective nuclear fission. In between the uranium rods, boron / cadmium rods are also inserted which are called as the control rods.These rods absorb excess neutrons and controls the fission reaction. The nuclear reactor consisting of all the above ( nuclear fuel, control rods, moderator,etc.) is enclosed in a chamber having thick walls to absorb the nuclear radiations. Heavy water (or liquid sodium or carbon dioxide) is used as a coolant to transfer the heat produced in the reactor.

 The controlled fission of uranium 235 inside the reactor produces a lot of heat energy .  The coolant  is pumped into the reactor by using a pipe. The coolant absorbs the heat energy released during the nuclear reaction and this extremely hot coolant passes through the coil of a heat exchanger containing water . The water absorbs heat from the hot coolant and boils to form steam. This hot steam at high pressure is passed to a chamber having a turbine .The pressure of steam makes the turbine rotate. The shaft of the turbine is connected to a generator. When the turbine rotates,its shaft also rotates and drives the generator. The generator thus produces electricity.

Respiration: The process of releasing energy by the oxidation of food is known as respiration. The process of respiration involves intake of oxygenated air into the cells for breaking the food and releasing energy.
Mechanism of respiration:
i. Air is drawn into the body through the nostrils. 
ii. The air from the nasal cavity passes to the pharynx, which leads to the trachea, through a slit called glottis.
iii. The trachea runs down the neck and divides into two bronchi, which lead into the lungs and further divide into smaller bronchioles. The smallest bronchioles terminate into alveoli. 
iv. The walls of the alveoli are thin and covered by blood capillaries to facilitate the exchange of gases in the lungs.
v. In the alveoli, the exchange of gases takes place, CO₂​ from the blood is replaced with O_2​ and CO₂​ is removed out of the body.

vi. In humans, for the process of respiration, air is drawn into the lungs by the process of breathing.
When an individual inhales, the diaphragm moves down, and the chest cavity expands and the oxygen rich air is drawn into the lungs. When the individual exhales, the diaphragm relaxes and the chest cavity moves back to its relaxed position and the carbon dioxide rich air is expelled out of the body.

Formation of water soluble calcium bicarbonate
When CO2​ is passed through lime water, it turns milky due to the formation of calcium carbonate which is sinsoluble in water.
limewaterCa(OH)₂​​+CO₂​⟶milkinessCaCO_3​​+H₂​O

However, when excess of CO2​ is passed through this solution, the milkiness disappears. This is due to the formation of calcium bicarbonate which is colorless and soluble in water.
milkinessCaCO₃ ​​+H₂​O+excessCO_2​​⟶water solubleCa(HCO3​)₂

Solenoid is a coil of wire usually in cylindrical form that when carrying a current acts like a magnet so that a movable core is drawn into the coilwhen a current flows and that is used especially as a switch or control for a mechanical device (as a valve)

1. Attractive Property – Magnet attracts ferromagnetic materials like iron, cobalt, and nickel.
2. Repulsive Properties – Like magnetic poles repel each other and unlike magnetic poles attract each other.
3. Directive Property – A freely suspended magnet always points in a north-south direction.

A solenoid is a coil of insulated or enameled wire wound on a rod-shaped form made of solid iron, solid steel, or powdered iron. Devices of this kind can be used as electromagnets, as inductors in electronic circuits, and as miniature wireless receiving antennas.The device creates a magnetic field from electric current and uses the magnetic field to create linear motion. The solenoid simply works on the principle of “electromagnetism”. When the current flow through the coil magnetic field is generated in it, if you place a metal core inside the coil the magnetic lines of flux is concentrated on the core which increases the induction of the coil as compared to the air core.

Sour substances are  Aidic in nature,i.e, they have acids in them. So, when they are kept in brass or copper vessels, they react  with them and form poisonous or better to say toxic elements which may prove harmful for human body. So they are not kept in metal containers. 

Plasma

The liquid state of blood can be contributed to plasma as it makes up for 50% of blood. It is pale yellow in colour and when separated, it consists of salts, nutrients, water and enzymes. Blood plasma also contains important proteins and other components necessary for overall health. Hence, blood plasma transfusions are given to patients with liver failure and life-threatening injuries.

Red Blood Cells (RBC)

Red blood cells consist of Haemoglobin, a protein. They are produced by the bone marrow to primarily carry oxygen to the body and carbon dioxide away from it.

White Blood Cells (WBC)

White blood cells are responsible for fighting foreign pathogens (such as bacteria, viruses, fungi) that enter our body. They circulate throughout our body and originate from the bone marrow.

Platelets

Tiny disc-shaped cells that help regulate blood flow when any part of the body is damaged, thereby aiding in fast recovery through clotting of blood.

Increase in concentration of the pollutants or toxic substances in the successive trophical levels of food chain in an ecosystem is called biomagnification or biological magnification

It is a chemical combination reaction. The process converts atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) to ammonia (NH₃) by a reaction with hydrogen (H₂) using a metal catalyst under high temperatures and pressures. This process is known as Haber's Process. 

Soda lime is a mixture of Sodium hydroxide and potassium or sodium hydroxide. Chemical formula: CaHNaO₂. Soda lime has a unique ability to absorb moisture from air. It also absorbs carbon dioxide from air. Hence it is used in manufacture of gas masks.

Uses of pH: 
1)Digestion of carbohydrate does not take place in stomach due to acidic pH.
2)Some of the metallic vessels can cleaned according to pH.
3)Tooth decay is also due to pH.
4)To measure hydrogen ion concentration.

• Importance of pH in Everyday life:

pH change and survival of animals -

1. Our body works well within a narrow pH range of 7.0 to 7.8.
2. When the pH of rain water is less than 5.6, it is known as acid rain.
3. When  this  acid  rain  flows  into  rivers,  it  lowers  the  pH  of the river  water making the survival  of aquatic life difficult.

pH in our digestive system

1. Our stomach produces hydrochloric acid which helps in the digestion of food without harming the stomach.
2. Sometimes excess acid is produced in the stomach which causes indigestion.
3. To get rid of this pain, bases called antacids are used.
4. Antacids are a group of mild bases which react with the excess acid and neutralise it.
5. Commonly used antacids are magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and sodium bicarbonate[NaHCO3].

Urine is formed in the kidneys through a filtration of blood. The urine is then passed through the ureters to the bladder, where it is stored. During urination, the urine is passed from the bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body. The kidneys filter unwanted substances from the blood and produce urine to excrete them. There are three main steps of urine formation: glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. These processes ensure that only waste and excess water are removed from the body. Bowman's capsule (or the Bowman capsule, capsula glomeruli, or glomerular capsule) is a cup-like sack at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the mammalian kidney that performs the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine.