A n s w e r :
Charge = current * time
charge = 0.5*0.2
charge = 0.1 coulumb
we have q = n e
0.1 = n ( 1.602*10^-19 )
n = 0.1 / 1.602*10^-19
By dividing it we get the following
n = 0.0624*10^19
n  =6.24*10^17

Given:

The current drawn by the electric bulb, I = 0.2 A (Ampere)

The voltage, v = 220 v (Volts)

The amout of electric charge for one hour, Q = ? (Coulomb)

Solution:

Time, t = 1h

= 3600 s

We know that,

= 720 C

Amount of electric charge for one hour, Q = 720 Coulomb.

Here,

• Work done = 24 J

• Potential Difference = 12 V

• Charge = ?

So,

Potential Difference = Work done / Charge

i.e. V = W/Q

Q = W/V

Q = 24/12

Q = 2 C

So, charge is 2 coulomb.

Fibrinogen is a protein, specifically a clotting factor (factor I), that is essential for proper blood clot formation.

When blood clotting is activated, fibrinogen circulating in the blood is converted to fibrin, which in turn helps to form a stable blood clot at the site of vascular disruption. Coagulation inhibitor proteins help to prevent abnormal coagulation (hypercoagulability) and to resolve clots after they are formed.

 Offspring are the young ones of living organisms, produced either by a single organism in case of asexual reproduction or by two organisms in the case of sexual reproduction.

Petals are modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators.

The sepals are the lower, or outermost, part of the flower. They fold over the tender, closed bud and protect it from cold and other injuries while it is developing. Usually sepals are green. In many flowers, however, they are as colorful as the petals and increase the flower's attractiveness to insects.

Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, a Russian scientist arranged the elements in increasing order of their relative atomic masses. He was honoured with Noble prize in 1906 for his Periodic Table.

Mendeleev’s Periodic Law states that the <i>properties of elements are the periodic function of their relative atomic masses.</i>

Mendeleev arranged all 63 elements; which were discovered till his time; in the order of their increasing relative atomic masses in a tabular form. It is known as Mendeleev’s Periodic Table. He divided the table in eight columns and seven rows. The columns are known as groups and rows are known as periods.

• Elements are arranged in the periodic table in the increasing order of their relative atomic masses.
• Mendeleev divided his periodic table in eight groups and seven periods.
• Groups from I to VII are meant for normal elements and group VIII is for transition elements.
• Groups from I to VII have been divided in two sub groups, while group VIII is meant for three elements.
• Periods from 4th to 7th have been divided in two series: 1st series and 2nd series.
• Elements having similar properties have been kept in the same group. For example; lithium, potassium, rubidium, etc. are in 1st group.

Comparison Of Physical Properties Of Metals And Non-metals

Calcination - It is the process of converting an ore into its oxide by heating strongly, below its melting point either in a limited supply or in absence of air. This method is commonly used for converting carbonates and hydroxides to their respective oxides. During calcination, moisture and volatile impurities are also removed.

For example: Calcium carbonate is converted into calcium oxide by calcination.

Pseudopods have two main functions: (1) locomotion and (2) capture of prey or engulfing of food. For instance, amoeba can crawl by extending the cytoplasm and the contraction of the filaments. The pseudopodbulge outward from the edge of the cell to pull in the entire organism as it goes forward.

The heart is an organ that pumps blood throughout the body. Human circulatory system is responsible for the transport of materials inside the human body. The organs of the circulatory system are heart, arteries, veins and capillaries. It comprises four chambers:

• Atria (upper chambers)
• Ventricles (lower chambers)

Layers of heart

The wall of the heart is made up of three layers:

• Epicardium- This is a protective layer made of connective tissues.
• Myocardium- This layer forms the heart muscles.
• Endocardium- This is the innermost layer and protects the valves and the heart.

An indicator is a chemical substance that undergoes a colour change at the endpoint. The endpoint of an acid-base titration can be determined using acid-base indicators. Acid Base indicators are either weak organic acids or weak organic bases. The colour change of an indicator depends on the pH of the medium. The un-ionized form of an indicator has one colour, but its ionized form has a different colour.

Phenolphthalein is used to find the strength of caustic soda solution with the help of oxalic acid

When it changes to curd its pH will decrease. It is because curd contains lactic acid. Since acids generally have a low pH value, when fresh milk changes to curd its pH will decrease.

The thermite reaction is an exothermic reaction between the metal and metal oxide. For example the reaction between the aluminium with the metal oxides, where aluminium acts as a reducing agent. The aluminium reduces the metal oxide most probably an iron (lll) oxide to produce ferrous and aluminium oxide. During the reaction, large amount of energy is released.

Fe₂O₃ + 2Al → 2Fe + Al₂O₃ + heat

Glycolysis is the process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy. It produces two molecules of pyruvate, ATP, NADH and water. The process takes place in the cytosol of the cell cytoplasm, in the presence or absence of oxygen.
Glycolysis is the primary step of cellular respiration. In the absence of oxygen, the cells take small amounts of ATP through the process of fermentation.

In case of kidney failure, accumulation of poisonous wastes takes place in the kidneys, which can be fatal. In such cases, hemodialysis is employed. It is a method for removing waste products such as potassium and urea, as well as free water from the blood in case of renal failure.

In hemodialysis, the patient's blood is pumped through the blood compartment of a dialyzer, exposing it to a semipermeable membrane. During this passage, the waste products from the blood pass into the dialysing fluid by diffusion. The purified blood is then returned via the circuit back to the body. Here, ultrafiltration occurs by increasing the hydrostatic pressure across the dialyzer membrane. This is done by applying a negative pressure to the dialysate compartment of the dialyzer. This pressure gradient causes water and dissolved solutes to move from blood to dialysate, and allows removal of several litres of excess fluid during a typical 3 to 5 hour treatment. This is similar to the function of kidney, but it is different since there is no reabsorption involved

Ionization of a compound refers to a process in which a neutral molecule splits into charged ions when exposed in a solution.

According to Arrhenius theory, acids are the compounds that dissociate in an aqueous medium to generate hydrogen ions, H⁺ (aq). On the other hand, bases are the compounds which furnish hydroxyl ions, OH⁻(aq) in an aqueous medium.

A reaction in which one reactant undergoes oxidation whereas the other gets reduced during the course of reaction are termed as oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons or increase in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion. Reduction refers to the gain of electrons or decrease in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion.

Consider the following redox reaction.

• Burning sugars, such as glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and the fatty acids in the fats we eat.

The pH of the solution is indirectly proportional to the concentration of H+ ions. Hence with an increase in the concentration of H+(aq) in a solution, the pH of the solution will decrease.

Convection is the process of heat transfer by the bulk movement of molecules within fluids such as gases and liquids. The initial heat transfer between the object and the fluid takes place through conduction, but the bulk heat transfer happens due to the motion of the fluid.

• Convection is the process of heat transfer in fluids by the actual motion of matter.
• It happens in liquids and gases.
• It may be natural or forced.
• It involves a bulk transfer of portions of the fluid.

Mitochondria have an important role in cellular respiration through the production of ATP, using chemical energy found in glucose and other nutrients. Mitochondria are also responsible for generating clusters of iron and sulfur, which are important cofactors of many enzymes.

Haemoglobin in red blood cells have large affinity for oxygen. It temporarily, combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin and thus, oxygen is carried from the lungs to various body parts. CO2 is highly soluble in water, so it is mostly transported in dissolved form in our blood plasma.