Stanza 1
He stalks in his vivid stripes
The few steps of his cage,
On pads of velvet quiet,
In his quiet rage.

WORD MEANINGS
stalks – stride, to move quietly and slowly in a threatening way
vivid – bright
stripes – long narrow bands
pads – the soft part under the foot of the tiger
rage – anger

Exp – The poet sees a tiger locked in a concrete cell in the zoo. It is a very small cage. The tiger can hardly take a few steps along the length of the cage. He looks majestic as he slowly moves up and down in his cage. The sharp and clear stripes on his body are of strong bright colour. His pads are velvet soft. Inspite of all his strength, he now lies imprisoned behind the bars. The caged tiger is angry. He is full of rage, but is quiet because he knows that he is helpless here.

1. भूमिका:

स्वावलंबन का अर्थ है अपने आप पर निर्भर (Dependent on oneself) रहना । इसलिए स्वावलंबन को आत्मनिर्भरता भी कहते हैं । कहा जाता है कि दूसरों के भरोसे रहना या दूसरों पर अवलंबित रहना गुलाम (Slave) होने केसमान होता है । स्वावलंबी व्यक्ति ही अपने जीवन में हर प्रकार की उन्नति (Development) कर सकता है और सदा स्वाधीन रहते हुए सुखी जीवन जी सकता है ।

2. अभाव से हानियाँ:

दूसरों के भरोसे रहने वाला व्यक्ति लोगों की नजर में एकदम छोटा हो जाता है और उसका अपना कोई व्यक्तित्व (Personality) नहीं रहता । वह दूसरों की इच्छा पर निर्भर रहता है । वह कायर (Coward) और साहसविहीन (Courageless) बन जाता है । छोटी-छोटी जरूरतें पूरी करने के लिए उसे दूसरों का मुँह देखना पड़ता है । हमारे देश के बार-बार गुलाम (Slave) सपष्ट बनने का यही कारण था कि इस देश के लोगों में स्वावलंबन नहीं था ।

लोग एक दूसरे को नुकसान (Harm) पहुँचाने में लगे रहते थे । एक ने शत्रु के साथ मिलकर अपने ही देश के लोगों के खिलाफ षड्‌यंत्र (Conspiracy) रचकर अपने आपको भी शत्रु का गुलाम बना लिया और पूरे देश को गुलामी की आग में झोंक दिया । अत: स्वावलंबी न होना ही मनुष्य की सबसे बड़ी कमजोरी है ।

3. लाभ:

स्वावलंबी व्यक्ति न केवल शक्तिशाली बन जाता है, बल्कि वह दूसरों के दुख-सुख भी अच्छी तरह समझ सकता है और दूसरों के कष्ट दूर करने का प्रयत्न भी कर सकता है । ऐसा व्यक्ति ही परोपकारी तथा एक अच्छा प्रशासक (Administrator) बनने लायक होता है ।

कोई भी देश तभी तेजी से विकसित (Developed) हो सकता है, जब उस देश का प्रत्येक व्यक्ति आत्मनिर्भर बन जाय, दूसरों के परिश्रम का फल स्वयं हजम करने की प्रवृत्ति (Attitude) न रखे और किसी भी कार्य को छोटा-बड़ा न समझ कर अपना कार्य पूरी लगन से करे । जिस देश में ऐसे नागरिक (Citizen) हों, उसे कोई भी शत्रु अपना गुलाम नहीं बना सकता ।

4. उपसंहार:

महात्मा गाँधी का चरखे पर सूता कातना, रैदास का जूते बनाना, संत कबीर का कपड़ा बुनना हमें स्वावलंबन की ही शिक्षा प्रदान करता है । हमें इनसे प्रेरणा (Inspiration) लेनी चाहिए ।

<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TPIcIao46FM/VW6xqSxCJ4I/AAAAAAAAAIs/bTE9RfnGlHk/s1600/verb-tense-table1.png" imageanchor="1"></a>

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The reasoning being given in favour of continued usage of single-use plastic showcases both shallow (lacking depth) and myopic (short-sighted) thinking. Man tries to make life more convenient, but it is not possible to prioritise convenience all the time. For instance, stopping at traffic signals, waiting for one's turn at the doctor's clinic or even opening and shutting doors are inconvenient. However, each of these activities is important, because there are certain rules that need to be followed to avoid greater inconvenience in terms of accidents, disorganised dealing and security. Likewise, banning single-use plastic is necessary to prevent greater problems, particularly environmental issues. Single-use plastic over time is known to cause pollution, affect life on land as well as in water and upset ecosystems, which in turn can make survival of humans very difficult. Thus, if one weighs the options of convenience and survival, it becomes clear that convenience is a short term joy, while survival is a long term goal. It is evident that the argument for using such plastic is invalid.

The postmaster was a fat and an amiable fellow . In order not to shake Lencho's faith in God he decides to answer his letter by asking some money from his employees and giving himself a part of his salary . He collected only seventy pesos and signed it God and sent it to Lencho

The postmaster was determined to help Lencho. He did not want Lencho’s faith in God to be shaken so he asked his employees and friends to help Lencho. He also contributed a part of his salary for this act of charity.

At Rameshwaram we saw  many ancient temples

eighty crore cups of tea

When the train stopped on the way at a station, a vendor called, 'chai-garam garam-chai'. They took tea and started sipping it. Rajvir told Pranjol that over eighty crore cups of tea are drunk every day throughout the world.

• The narrator risked flying the aeroplane straight into the cloudy storm and then found himself trapped in the black clouds. The compass began to turn round and round and twisted and jumped in the air.

• The narrator was shocked  to see that all instruments including the radio were dead. Then the narrator to his dismay suddenly saw another plane flying over, with the pilot waving against him.

• He was deeply relieved to find someone in the same boat sailing with him. The narrator was however concerned about the prospect of lower fuel remaining. As he followed the other pilot, he soon realised that he had landed safely on the runway.

• The narrator risked flying the aeroplane straight into the cloudy storm and then found himself trapped in the black clouds. The compass began to turn round and round and twisted and jumped in the air.

• The narrator was shocked  to see that all instruments including the radio were dead. Then the narrator to his dismay suddenly saw another plane flying over, with the pilot waving against him.

• He was deeply relieved to find someone in the same boat sailing with him. The narrator was however concerned about the prospect of lower fuel remaining. As he followed the other pilot, he soon realised that he had landed safely on the runway.

What all does the dragon possess?

A) big sharp teeth
B) spikes on top of him
C) sharp toes
D) All of the above

Ans d

It was so dark that I fell down the stairs last night. I________ the light. 1)need to fix2)would fix3)had to fix4)should have fixed

Ans d) should have fixed

Natalia justifies that the oxen meadow were theirs by stating that her "grandfather and great grandfather reckoned that their land extended to Burnt Marsh". ... Natalia in the story "The Proposal" quarrels with Lomov over the ownership of Oxen meadows.

Yes, I would like to become invisible but only if I could get back to normal. It would be a unique and adventurous experience. I would be able to free people caught in the vicious circle of crime, help the police catch criminals and help the deprived sections of the society

The pilot fly straight into the storm instead of retiring to Paris because Paris was about 150 kilometres behind when he reach storm and he also wanted to reach England to celebrate holidays with his family

Tea From Assam

Rajvir and Pranjol on way to Assam
Rajvir and Pranjol were travelling to Assam. A tea vendor called ‘chai-garam … garam- chai’. They took tea and sipped it. Rajvir told Pranjol that over 800,000,000 cups of tea are drunk everyday throughout the world.

Tea gardens seen
Rajvir looked at the beautiful scenery outside. Pranjol kept reading his detective book. There was greenery outside. Soon the soft green paddy fields gave way to tea-bushes. Tea-bushes spread as far as the eye could see. There were shade trees also over the areas. In the distance there was an ugly building. It was a tea-garden.

About legends behind tea
They were in Assam, the tea-country. Assam has the largest concentration of tea plantations in the world. Rajvir told Pranjol that no one really knew who discovered tea. There are many legends about it.

Chinese legend
A Chinese emperor always boiled water before drinking it. One day a few leaves of branches burning under the pot fell into the water. It gave a delicious flavour. These were tea-leaves.

Indian legend
Bodhidharma, a Buddhist monk cut off his eyelids because he felt sleepy during meditations. Ten tea plants grew out of his eyelids. These leaves when put in hot water and drunk, banished sleep.

Tea and China
Rajvir told Pranjol that tea was first drunk in China. It was as far back as 2700 B.C. Words like chai and chini are Chinese. Tea came to Europe in the sixteenth century. It was then drunk more as medicine.

Reaching the destination
Both of them dropped at Mariani junction. They were driven to Dhekiabari Tea Estate. On both sides of the road there were acres and acres of tea-bushes. Women with bamboo baskets were plucking the new leaves from them.

Rajvir’s knowledge about tea plantations
Pranjol’s father received them there. They had come there in the sprouting season. It lasts from May to July. It gives out the best tea. Rajvir told this to Pranjol’s father. He told Rajvir that he knew many things about tea plantations. Rajvir told him that he would learn more about them there.

Ans. Hari Singh was an experienced thief. He found Anil, a wrestler an easy-going, kind and simple man,
the correct person for his purpose. He found him an easy target to win confidence.

The poet wishes to live with animals and to experience a life where no one complains, and where everyone is free of sins and sorrows. The most important theme of the poem is not to admire how good animals are, but to compare humans with them in order to focus on the flaws of their nature. The poet believes that probably a very long time ago, humans possessed all the qualities such as calmness, the lack of greed and the ability to stay happy, but they have now lost them. So in this poem, Walt Whitman has given a pedagogic point before human beings.

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D-34

Ras Vihar

Dwarka

New Delhi

January 26, 2020

The Municipal Commissioner  

Municipal Corporation

New Delhi

Subject: Uncovered and broken manholes on the roads

Sir:

I am writing to your good-self to bring to your attention the inconvenience being faced by the residents of Ras Vihar. There are many open and broken manholes on the roads in our colony. These open manholes pose serious threats to the residents, especially during the rainy seasons. We have written many letters requesting the concerned authorities but to no avail. Owing to these manholes, everyday there is a mishap of some sort.  

I on behalf of the residents of the colony appeal to you to relieve us of the inconvenience we have been facing for so many weeks. Our children, elderly, and other people are getting hurt every day, not to mention the harassment we are constantly facing. Kindly either repair the manholes. I hope you will seriously look into the matter. Thanking you.

Yours truly,

Surekha