Cigarette smoking is one of the major killers in the world. The biggest side affect from smoking is cancer. Cancer is a group of many related diseases. All forms of cancer involve out-of-control growth and spread of abnormal cells.

The risk of dying from lung cancer is 22 times higher for males, and 12 times higher for female smokers as oppose to non -smokers. Additionally, smokers are at an increased risk for cancer of the larynx, oral cavity, oesophagus, bladder, kidney and pancreas. Smoking causes a five time increase in the risk of dying from chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and two times increase in deaths from diseases of the heart and coronary arteries. Smoking also increases the risk of stroke by 40-50% in men and 60% in women. Researchers have also proven that mothers who smoke while pregnancy or before they got pregnant usually give birth to babies with birth defects, who are premature or are underweight. This is probably because of a decrease in blood flow to the placenta.

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Modern people are regularly informed about the dangers of leading unhealthy lifestyles. Despite the spectacular advances in the medical field, many people are still suffering from and being killed by diseases, most of which are preventable.

There are some reasons why there is still a prevalent habit of doing unhealthy activities. This can be, firstly, explained by the fact that most people are prone to undue optimism. Although powerful and constant reminders of what unsound lifestyles can bring is readily available everywhere, people still keep the faith that they would hardly be inflicted. Even for those who are aware, they are often in denial and convince themselves that unhealthy habits are not as terrible as the media want them to believe. Secondly, once people are addicted to unhealthy habits, it is very difficult for them to break. For example, people with smoking habits cannot reduce their dependency on cigarettes due to its high addictiveness, or people with sedentary lifestyles are unable to bring themselves to be more active on the simple grounds that exercises are not pleasurable

Answer:
Suddenly Tricki stopped eating. He refused even his favourite dishes and had bouts of vomiting. He spent all the time lying on rug, panting and did not do anything. So Mrs Pumphrey was distraught and made a frantic call to Dr Herriot.

The story "A Triumph of Surgery" is about an over-indulgent, foolish lady, who spoils her pet dog so much that he had to be taken to the hospital. Mr. Herriot, the veterinarian, had to remove Tricki from Mrs. Pumphrey's care for his own good. The first phone call was made to inform Mr. Herriot about Tricki's failing health. In spite of strict instructions from the veterinarian , Mrs. Pumphrey continued to give Tricki sweets, chocolates and cakes. Finally, Mr. Herriot decided to take Tricki to the hospital, because that was the only method by which he could ensure the dog's survival. However, Mrs. Pumphrey would keep on calling the hospital nearly fifteen times a day, to enquire about Tricki's health. The poor dog was being spoilt to death by his mistress! Mrs. Pumphrey's phone calls were out of concern, but they add to the humor in the story.  

We should be content with what life gives us. Not only that, we have to follow the practice of “road to happiness”. Selfishness inevitably leads to dissatisfaction and disappointment because desires are endless. The problem of happiness is therefore the problem of dropping one's desires.

Desires, however, can not be effectively overcome through mechanical repression. They can be annihilated only through knowledge. If you drive deep in the realm of thoughts and think seriously for just a few minutes, you will realize emptiness of desires.

Think of what you have enjoyed all these years and what you have suffered. All that you have enjoyed through life is today nil. All that you have suffered through life is also nothing in the present. All was illusory.

It is right to be happy, and yet you create your own unhappiness by wanting things. Wanting is the source of perpetual restlessness.

If you don't get the thing you want, you are disappointed. And if you get it, you want more and more of it and become unhappy. No contentment in life.

Say “ I do not want anything “ and be happy. The continuous realization of the futility of wants will give you the freedom from wants that leads to the road to abiding happiness. As long as one has a body there will be some needs, and it is necessary to meet those needs. But wants are an out come of infatuated imagination. They must be scrupulously killed if there is to be any happiness. As the very being of selfishness consists of desires, renunciation of wants becomes a process of death.

DYING IN THE ORDINARY SENSE MEANS PARTING WITH THE PHYSICAL BODY, BUT DYING IN THE REAL SENSE MEANS RENUNCIATION OF LOW DESIRES.

Extrapolating via dialogue writing 

Accept relevant responses corresponding to the competencies listed for content and expression.

Competency applied for : 

content- 

• Response (dialogues) need to be creatively composed to match the personality of the two characters from the play 

• language included, must correspond to that of an argument, and show an understanding of the common expressions/exclamations attributed to the characters in the play. 

NOTE—Marks to be allotted for creation. No marks to be deducted for lack of appropriacy in the form or structure involved in a writing task. The response is to be treated as a literary creation. 

expression- 

• Logical progression in developing the conversation- cohesion 

• Response relevance for overall sense according to the situation chosen - coherence 

• Accuracy in use of grammatical structures, vocabulary and spellings  

Bishamber was a middle age man. He was nearly as old as Bholi's father. He limped while walking. He had grown up children from his first wife.

. The greatest blunder that Matilda committed was that she didn’t take her friend into confidence. She should have told the whole story as it had happened. That would have pacified Madam klenn Forestier quite easily as the necklace she lent to her friend was not of real diamonds but false ones.

The Internet started off with research into what was then known as packet switching as early as the 1960s. Packet switching was thought of a better and faster method to transfer data than the hardware solution to the problem, i.e., the circuitry. The packet switching technology was essential to the development of ARPANET by the United States Military. ARPANET is considered the first known group of interconnected computers aka the internet.

We are living in an IT revolution era. Indispensability of internet and computers cannot be denied. The modern youth and children don't have any other option. Internet and computers have already taken over each and every field. Tell me an area or sphere where internet and computers are not being used! Education, industry, finance, defense, teaching, learning, research, medicine, accounting, entertainment, internet, online teaching, telecommunication, media, and space research and exploration. It is internet and computer everywhere. The modern world will look void without internet and computers. Internet and computers have created such an order in every field. They are so adroitly efficient in data storing and handling. They have man's life much more organized, systematic, simple, colourful, and awesomely efficient.  

Internet has become ubiquitous owing to its versatility. What is it not that you can't do with internet? It is the god of the modern era! Naturally the field of education has also been influenced positively by use of internet. It has made the learning in classrooms much more convenient, easier, simpler, colorful, fun-filled, and efficient. Expert teachers teach students using smart boards and interactive whiteboards. Internet has enabled both students and teachers to process learning data many times faster than was possible in a traditional classroom.

The internet stores the teaching and learning data systematically which can so easily be accessed by anyone who wants it. Internet has further facilitated sharing of knowledge available abundantly on all the subjects. School websites now provide all the educational information required by parents and students. Aspiring students can look up the internet for any information and knowledge they require while studying or doing assignments. Internet and computers have really made education quite romantic. There is a modern Renaissance in education owing to computers. and internet.

HRD Minister Ramesh Nishank announced a major CBSE syllabus reduction for the new academic year 2020-21 on July 7 which was soon followed by an official notification by CBSE on the same.

Considering the loss of classroom teaching time due to the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown, CBSE reduced the syllabus of classes 9 to 12 with the help of suggestions from NCERT.

The CBSE syllabus has been rationalized keeping intact the learning outcomes so that the core concepts of students can be retained.

Deleted syllabus of CBSE Class 10 English

Every path has its puddle
Do not follow where the path may lead. Go instead where there is no path and leave a trail — Harold R. Mcalindon

Like a river going around an obstacle we too need to move ahead in life by obviating problems and challenges.

Walt Disney asserted, “We keep moving forward, opening new doors, and doing new things, because we’re curious and curiosity keeps leading us down new paths.” Disney had profound hope in what he was doing when his financial proposal was rejected by more than 150 financial institutions and banks and it was termed crazy!

Henry David Thoreau remarked(American Essayist, Poet and Philosopher, 1817-1862) I have climbed several higher mountains without guide or path, and have found, as might be expected, that it takes only more time and patience commonly than to travel the smoothest highway.

Leader does not walk on the worn-out path that others have treaded. He does not go where the path may lead; instead he goes where there is no path and leaves a trail
in pursuit of his goals. In creating your own path life gains a new meaning. Steve Jobs started a company in one small garage. After few years, he had gifted an Apple I-phone to the world. His path to fame is an illustration of dedication and hard work.

Choosing the right path is significant though walking on it could take a long time in achieving success. There is satisfaction, joy and fun as we move ahead. In my eyes, it has abundant value to add to your life. You gain peace and pleasure by walking on a path consciously chosen by you. It is truth of life. This is what we learn from the life and times of Mahatma Gandhi. For those who do not know, Mahatma Gandhi can be described in just one word – Truth. He stood for truth and walked its path till his death in 1948. He spoke the truth, experimented with truth, discovered truth, preached truth and lived truth. That is the essence of selecting and sticking to one’s chosen path and a chance to prove your worth in lifetime.

Your path may not be easy and rosy but let defeats turn into stepping stone to success.

The walls of the classroom had bright and colourful pictures of a horse, a goat, a parrot and a cow. They all looked familiar to Bholi and were like the ones in the village. That is why she was fascinated to see those pictures

Answer: The narrator had hated city life. This ride through the village made him very happy. He was overjoyed to meet the  hack driver. Even he planned to settle down in that village. So he was happy though he had not found Lutkins.

Answer:

Valli did not get off from the bus when it was terminated at the bus stand because she had come in the bus just for a ride and would go back in the same bus.

On the way to the town, Valli saw a frightened cow running right in front of the bus. She clapped gleefully as the cow ran faster. Valli did not get off the bus at the town. She did not want to go to the stall and have a drink because she had no money.

 Valli's deepest desire was to go on a bus ride. The words and phrases in the story that tell this are 'source of unending joy', 'stare wistfully', and 'kindle in her longings, dreams and hopes'.

or

Valli deeply desired to ride on the bus that she saw everyday. It can be inferred from, 'Day after day she watched the bus, and gradually a tiny wish crept into her head and grew there: she wanted to ride on that bus, even if just once. This wish became stronger and stronger, until it was an overwhelming desire.'

Valli refused to look out of the window on her way back because she saw a young cow lying dead by the roadside, just where it had been struck by some fast-moving vehicle. It was the same cow that was running in front of their bus, during their trip to the town. She was overcome with sadness. The memory of the dead cow haunted her and therefore, she refused to look out of the window.

Mrs. Pumphrey was a rich woman who loved her dog very much. She loved to live a comfortable and lavish life and also wanted her dog to spend a similar one. She had maintained a wardrobe full of fancy fur coats, dresses, beds etc. for Tricki. Apart from this, she used to overfeed Tricki out of her love and concern. She used to serve him cod-liver oil and malt between the main meals and Horlicks after dinner to give him strength. She never realized that Tricki was a greedy dog and this would spoil his health. She could not even refuse to answer Tricki drooling for cream cakes and chocolates. Her overfeeding worsened Trickis condition. This made the dog lazy, inactive and obese. He used to lie on his rug and pant all day long. Mrs. Pumphrey fed him excessively, spoiling Trickis health to such an extent that he had to be hospitalized. Even in the hospital she continued to convey Tricki her love through eggs, wine and brandy. Her fondness and care for Tricki proved that excess of everything made him fall sick.
 

Neha Singh,

Computer-In-Charge

Army Public School

Delhi.

27th Sep 2019

To,  

The Person In Charge,

Sales Department

Apple Inc.,Nehru Place,

New Delhi,

Sub: Placing an order for computers and its accessories.

Dear Sir/madam,

Our school needs computers and its accessories. We have selected your company for the order of 20 computers and its accessories. Terms and conditions regarding the order are enclosed with this letter.

List of items as below

Name of the device                   number of pieces

1. Computers                                             20  

2. Mouse pad                                            20

3. Printer                                                       1

4. Projector                                                   1  

The amount towards the goods will be paid after the delivery of items.We hope that the dispatch of the goods will be done as early as possible.

Looking forward to continue the business relations with your company in future.

Yours sincerely,

Neha Singh

An ox of a man means a very strong man. Lencho was a hard working farmer. He worked hard in the field. His faith in God, made him to write letter to God. This shows how strong & hard working Lencho was, as he was worried about his harvest, which was destroyed by hailstorm. He thought that, writing a letter to God may help him to buy seeds for his next crop, as he didn't have any more seeds for his next crop. So the author compared him to an ox. This is a literary device used called metaphor.

 The entire class is quaking in boots because the teachers will decide who will move up in the next class and who will not. The half class is making bets on the results the teachers will announce soon.

The main MODALS are: can, could; may, might; shall, should; will, would; must; ought to; need to; have to.