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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 2 months ago
Three effects of October revolution are as follows:
1. Nationalisation of industries and banks in nov. 1917. Land was declared to be a social property.
2. Peasants siezed the land of nobles,partitioned large houses in the city. Old titiles of aristocracy were banned.
3. New uniforms for army and officials were designed.Bolshevik party was renamed as the Russian Communist Party. Russia became one party state. Communism was established.
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 2 months ago
Ryotwari system
- This system of land revenue was instituted in the late 18th century by Sir Thomas Munro, Governor of Madras in 1820.
- This was practiced in the Madras and Bombay areas, as well as Assam and Coorg provinces.
- In this system, the peasants or cultivators were regarded as the owners of the land. They had ownership rights, could sell, mortgage or gift the land.
- The taxes were directly collected by the government from the peasants.
- The rates were 50% in dry land and 60% in wetland.
- The rates were high and unlike in the Permanent System, they were open to being increased.
- If they failed to pay the taxes, they were evicted by the government.
- Ryot means peasant cultivators.
Mahalwari system
- The government of Lord William Bentinck, Governor-General of India (1828 to 1835) introduced the Mahalwari system of land revenue in 1833.
- This system was introduced in North-West Frontier, Agra, Central Province, Gangetic Valley, Punjab, etc.
- This had elements of both the Zamindari and the Ryotwari systems.
- This system divided the land into Mahals. Sometimes, a Mahal was constituted by one or more villages.
- Tax was assessed on the Mahal.
- Each individual farmer gave his share.
- Here also, ownership rights were with the peasants.
- Revenue was collected by the village headman or village leaders (lambardar).
- It introduced the concept of average rents for different soil classes.
- The state share of the revenue was 66% of the rental value. The settlement was agreed upon for 30 years.
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 3 months ago
The Russian Revolution had an impact on many things like communism, socialism, democracy, economy, imperialism, nationalism, and also the division of the world. It industrialized the organization of the economy with five-year plans.It united the socialists against the capitalists. It stopped imperialism, and made Russia the first country to support the idea of each country being independent.
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 3 months ago
Merits :
1. Higher Yield.
2. Machines made for ploughing harvesting easy.
3. Surplus food can be sold to earn more.
4. Pests and insects controlled by pesticides and insecticides.
5. Good irrigation enhances production.
Demerits :
1. Loss of fertility with use of chemicalfertilizers.
2. Use of tube wells reduced the water table.
3. Chemical fertilizers polluted ground water.
4. Kills bacteria and micro organism helpful fossil.
5. Excessive use of fertilizers makes soil alkaline and unfit for cultivation.
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 3 months ago
The French empire has acquired colonies in the Caribbean region, wherein French plantation owners employed local hands. However, shortage of manual labour in these plantations led to the blossoming of a triangular slave trade in Europe, Africa and America. French slave traders sailed from the southern French ports of Bordeaux and Nantes and bought African slaves from the local chieftains. From there on the slaves were shipped to America in inhuman conditions and forced to work in the Caribbean plantation. Although the convention of 1794 abolished slavery in France and its colonies, it was reintroduced by Napoleon. Eventually it was abolished forever in 1848.
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Aditya Sharma 7 years, 3 months ago
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