The Bastille was a fortress used as a prison by the King of France.

It was stormed on 14 July 1789 by the people where they hoped to find hoarded ammunition.

The commander of the prison was killed and the seven prisoners inside were all released.

The fortress was completely demolished by people.

Location of India

The main land of India extends between latitudes 8°4'N and 37°6'N and longitudes 68°7'E and 97°25'E. The Tropic of Cancer (23° 30'N) passes almost through the middle of the country. Apart from the mainland, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Indian Ocean) and the Lakshadweep (Arabian Sea) are also parts of India.

India: Size

The land mass of India has an area of 3.28 million (3.28 lakh) square km; which comprises about 2.4% of the total geographical area of the world. India is the seventh largest country in the world.

The land boundary of India is 15,200 km. The coastline of the country is 7,516.6 km; which includes the Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadwee

Women in Nazi society had to be good mothers and rear pure blooded Aryan children. Their role was to produce children only for which they were respected. Women were considered different from men. They were not given equal rights like men.They did not have freedom of speech, expression and association. Women who bore racially undesirable children were punished.

The Great Economic Depression of 1929-1934 had a rippling effect all over the world. It aggravated the economic crisis in Germany and nearly crippled German economy.

i. German investments and industrial recovery leading to economic stability between 1924-1928 was built on short term loans largely from USA. This support was withdrawn when the Wall Street Exchange crashed in USA in-1929.

ii. In Germany by 1932 industrial output fell to 40% of the 1929 level.

iii. Workers lost their jobs and were paid reduced wages. Number of unemployed touched an unprecedented 8 million.

iv. As jobs disappeared unemployed youth took to criminal activities.

v. The crisis created deep anxieties among the middle class who feared destitution and proletarianisation.

Socialist is the one who follow or advocate principles of socialism.

The main land of Indian sub continent extends between latitudes 8°4'N and 37°6'N and longitudes 68°7'E and 97°25'E. It decides the climate of the subcontinent, its significance in the geo-political position in the world. And the time lag is also decided by the longitudinal extent.

The reactions of the people of Bastar and its consequences can be explained as follows :

• The people of Bastar respected land and forests. They protected forests by hiring watchmen.
• When the colonial laws of reserved forests were enacted, many people had to flee the forests. Those who were ready to work for the forest department for free were not evacuated.
• People planned to rebel against such tyranny of British. They started inviting people by circulating lump of chillies, arrows etc.
• Bazars were looted. The offices and residences of British were robbed and attacked.
• The British troops were sent to suppress the rebellion. However, the tribals tried to negotiate it but the British did not agree and punished those who participated in the rebellion.

On 29 August, he was appointed Chairman of the ConstitutionDrafting Committee, and was appointed by the Assembly to write India's new Constitution.So he is also known as the father of the constitution.

(i) 16 October Lenin persuades the Petrograd Soviet and Bolshevik Party to agree to a socialist seizure of power. Military Revolutionary Committee to manage this operation was formed.  
(ii) 24 October   Uprising starts, but government troops seize buildings of two Bolshevik newspapers. The Winter Palace and other buildings were also protected by troops. The Military Revolutionary Committee seized the government offices and arrested the ministers. The ship Aurora shelled the winter palace. By nightfall, the city was under the Committee's control and the remaining ministers had surrendered. Who was Involved, the Leaders and Its Impact Bolsheviks were the main people involved. Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotskii were the main leaders. The effect was that it brought the Bolsheviks to power to form a communist government for the first time in the world.  

It means the mass murder of selected groups of innocent civilians of Europe. Nazis killed the Jews, Gypsies and the Polish civilians. They killed people in poisoned gas chambers. Number of people killed included six million Jews, 2,00,000 Gypsies, one million Polish civilians, 70,000 Germans, who were considered mentally and physically disabled besides many political opponents.

Duma was an elected legislative body like the parliament having representatives of the third estate. The Tsar dismissed the first Duma within 75 days and the re-elected Second Duma within three months.

• Socialists are against private property and saw it as the root of all social ills of the time.
• A socialist economy is centrally planned which functions under the direction of a central planning authority. It lays down the various objectives and targets to be achieved during the plan period.
• A socialist economy operates within definite socio-economic objectives. These objectives “may concern aggregate demand, full employment, satisfaction of communal demand, allocation of factors of production, distribution of the national income, the amount of capital accumulation, economic development…and so forth.”
• Under socialism, consumers’ sovereignty implies that production in state- owned industries is generally governed by the preferences of consumers, and the available commodities are distributed to the consumers at fixed prices through the state-run department stores.

The treaty of versailles was the treaty which was signed by the allies with germany after the first world war.

Factors affecting the climate of India:

(a)Latitude-The tropic of Cancer passes from the middle of the country.Almost half of the country,lying South of Tropic of Cancer belongs to tropical area and teh area to the North lies in sub-tropics.Therefore,India's climate has the characteristics of tropical as well as sub-tropical climates.

(b)Altitude:India has mountains to the north,which have an average height of about 6000metres.It is because of these mountainsthat Indian sub-continent experiences comparatively milder winters because Himalayas prevent cold winds from Central Asia from entering the Indian sub-continent.

(c)Pressure and winds-Pressure and surface winds,upper air circulation and western cyclonic disturbances and tropical cyclones govern the atmospheric conditions in India.

Factors Affecting India’s Climate

Latitude: The Indian landmass is equally divided by The Tropic of Cancer. Hence, half of India has tropical climate and another half has subtropical climate.

Altitude: While the average elevation in the coastal areas is about 30 metre, the average elevation in the north is about 6,000 metre. The Himalayas prevent the cold winds from Central Asia from entering the Indian subcontinent. Due to this, the subcontinent gets comparatively milder winters as compared to Central Asia.

Pressure and Winds: The Indian subcontinent lies in the region of north-easterly winds. These winds originate from the subtropical high-pressure belt of the northern hemisphere. After that, these winds blow towards south. They get deflected to the right due to the Coriolis force and then move towards the low pressure area near the equator.

The advantages are

1. Climate : Continent makes the climate extreme. Monsoon, tropical cyclones and moderate temperature ranges are due to influence of marine.

2. Transport and trade : Starting from ancient Roman empire to present oil trade, most of the trade and transport is mainly through the sea route.

3. Resources : Having huge coastline and continental shelf, resources like petroleum, thorium, etc are obtained.

4. Livelihood : Fisheries, pearls, salt production, etc provide vast economic opportunities to people.

5. Strategic: Indian ocean is named itself by the country name. Huge trade through this region. Hence the strategic location favors India to become a superpower.

6. Power generation: It is possible for the country to install offshore wind power plants in the EEZ's and get energy needs for the people of coastal areas of the country.

7. Tourism .

8. Bio diversity : Coral island are rich bio diversity areas and a tourist hot spot too. Thus bio-diversity gives the advantage of tourism and fishing industry.

Possible Disadvantages -

1.Western coasts becoming vulnerable to external attacks .Ex: An unmanned burning ship was identified near Gulf of Kutch in 2015
but proper surveillance by Indian Coast Guard (ICG)and Coastal Security Group (CSG) helped to avoid such problems.

2.Recent report stated that Odisha is more vulnerable to tropical cyclones among eastern coastal states. Ex: Balasur district, Odisha(28 cyclones) ,Metinpur district of West Bengal(22 cyclones) , cyclone ‘Phailin’ attacked Odisha in 2013
,cyclone “HudHud” attacked Andhra Pradesh in 2014

3.People of Rameshwaram,Tamilnadu were entirely dependent on fishing for their livelihood. Ex: When they do fishing near Katcha theevu ,often they have been attacked and arrested by srilankan forces and the struggle still goes on.
Thus the longest coastline is a boon in many cases but a bane in some cases.

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