Tropical deciduous forests are forests which shed their leaves once a year, and are found in the tropical and sub-tropical latitudes. These regions coincide with the regions which come under the influence of monsoonal winds. Hence tropical deciduous forests are generally found in the regions which have a monsoon type of climate, and so are also known as monsoonal forests.  

There are regional variations in the climatic conditions of India which can be understood with the help of the following examples —  
(a) The months of December and January are the coldest in Northern India where the temperature ranges between 10°-15°.  
(b) In summer, the mercury occasionally touches 50°C in some parts of the Rajasthan desert, whereas it might be around 20°C in pahalgam In Jammu and Kashmir.  
(c) On a winter night temperature at Drass in Jammu and Kashmir may be as low as minus 40°C. Tiruvananthapuram on the other hand may have a temperature of 22° C.  
(d) Annual precipitation varies from over 400 cm in Meghalaya to less than 10 cm in Ladakh and western Rajasthan. In the Himalayas precipitation is in the form of snowfall.
(e) Coastal region does not experience much variation in temperature pattern due to the moderating influence of the sea.  

• The Prime Minister has several powers as the head of the government.
• He chairs cabinet meetings, and assigns work to the other ministers.
• He also has the power to dismiss ministers.
• If the Prime Minister resigns, the entire ministry is supposed to have resigned.
• The Prime Minister is the most powerful member in the cabinet.
• The power of the prime ministers has increased so much that parliamentary democracies are sometimes called the Prime Ministerial form of government.  

Satyakama Jabala was poor but managed to become the best known thinkers of that time. Gautama accepted Satyakama Jabala as a student. .

Human poverty is a concept that goes beyond the limited view of poverty as lack of income. It refers to the denial of political, social and economic opportunities to an individual to maintain a ‘reasonable’ standard of living.
Illiteracy, lack of job opportunities, lack of access to proper healthcare and sanitation, caste and gender discrimination, etc are all components of human poverty.

The following are the three major divisions of the Himalayas running from north to south:
The Himadri: It is the northern most range of the young Himalayan mountains. It contains most of the highest peaks like Mt Everest, Kanchenjunga etc.

The Himachal: It is also known as the lesser Himalayas. This range lies to the south of the Himadri. Almost all the hill stations such as Shimla, Nainital and Manali are located along this range.

The Siwaliks: This is the outermost range of the Himalayas. These ranges are made up of the sediments which are brought down from the rivers flowing from the northern Himalayan ranges. The valleys which separate the lesser Himalayas and the Siwaliks are called Duns or Doons, like Dehra Dun, Patli Dun and Kotli Dun.

The Great Economic Depression of 1929-1934 had a rippling effect all over the world. It aggravated the economic crisis in Germany and nearly crippled German economy.

i. German investments and industrial recovery leading to economic stability between 1924-1928 was built on short term loans largely from USA. This support was withdrawn when the Wall Street Exchange crashed in USA in-1929.

ii. In Germany by 1932 industrial output fell to 40% of the 1929 level.

iii. Workers lost their jobs and were paid reduced wages. Number of unemployed touched an unprecedented 8 million.

iv. As jobs disappeared unemployed youth took to criminal activities.

v. The crisis created deep anxieties among the middle class who feared destitution and proletarianisation.

vi. Large mass of peasantry was affected by a sharp fall in agricultural prices.

vii. Women were severely affected and worried for their hungry children.

viii. It was during this period that Nazi Party which was no more than a conspiratorial group became a mass movement.

ix. The depression contributed to the rise of Hitler and establishment of dictatorship in Germany.

Various types of wild animals are found in the forests of India. Since primitive days the wild animals have close relationship with the mankind. The major wild animals of India are elephant, tiger, lion, rhino, bear etc. They live in the dense forests.
The Sundarban of West Bengal is the home of the Royal Bengal Tigers. Similarly lions live in the Gir Forest of Gujarat, and rhinoceroses live in the dense, marshy and moist forests of Assam, north Bengal and Tripura. Elephants and tigers live in the forests of Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, and Karnataka and in the foot Himalayas and Chhotnagpur plateaus.
Besides, panthers, wolves, bears, deer. Antelopes, bisons etc. live in almost all forests of India. Ibex types of wild goats with long furs are found in Kashmir. Musk-deer and yaks are found in the Himalayan region in the borders of India and Nepal. Neel-gay is seen in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. In our forests different kinds of venomous snakes like python, cobra etc. are also found. In almost all our forests live monkeys, hares, jackaks, foxes etc.
Varieties of birds are seen in our forests, the most important of which are the peacock, cuckoo, myna, horn-bill (kochila khai), kite, vulture, hawk etc. Swans, ducks, crows, golden oriole, cranes, doves etc. are found almost everywhere. Tiger is our national animal and peacock, the national bird. The number of wild animals is gradually diminishing as our forests are diminishing.

1. Kal-baisakhi are local thunder storms experienced in the month of Baisakh (April) in West Bengal. The North-Westerly and Northerly winds which blow in the N.E. part of India cause very sharp showers in this region. These winds are called Nor-Westers. These cause evening thunderstorms which cause havoc in this part.
2. The word Kal-baishakhi is local name for these storms. It means Kal = calamity, Baisakhi = month of Baisakh (calamity of the month of Baisakh).

The first world war had a devastating impact on Europe. The economic condition of Europe worsened adn from a continent of creditors, it changed into a continent of debtors. Meaning, first they gave loans but now they took loans. Soldiers were given more immportance than the citizens. The war drained Europe of its resources. Much of the resources were vanished after the war. The politicians wanted the men to become agrresive, masculine and stronger. The idea of dictatorship still prevailed and democracy could not make way as it was a too new idea at that time which could not handle the political instabilities in Europe at that time.