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The Constitution was framed by the Constituent Assembly of India, established by the members of the provincial assemblies elected by the people of India. Dr Sachidanand Sinha was the first president of the Constituent Assembly. Later, Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected its president.
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The Prime Minister is the leader of the Indian Union Council of Ministers. The President appoints these ministers on the basis of the advice of the Prime Minister. All members of the Union Council of Ministers are necessarily members of the Parliament. In case someone is not a member of the Parliament at the time of appointment, then he/she must get elected to one of the houses of the Parliament within six months of appointment as a minister. Council of Ministers is the body of all the ministers who are a part of the government. It includes (1) Cabinet Ministers – They are the highest ranking ministers. They are usually the top-level leaders of the ruling party. All the major policy decisions are taken by the cabinet on behalf of the government. (2) Ministers of State with independent charge – They are in charge of small ministries. They can attend the cabinet meetings only when invited. (3) Minister of State – They assist the Cabinet Ministers in the working of their ministers.
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In a democracy, it is quite obvious to leave any political party and candidates free to conduct an election campaign. But at the same time, it also becomes necessary to regulate campaign in such a way that every political party and candidate gets a fair and equal chance to compete.
According to the laws made on election procedure, no party or candidate can:
- Bribe or threaten voters to vote for a particular candidate of a political party.
- Use a place of worship or appeal to the voters to vote in the name of religion or caste.
- Spend more than Rs. 25 lakh in a constituency for the election to the Lok Sabha and Rs. 10 lakh in a constituency for any Assembly election.
- Once elections are announced, no minister is allowed to lay the foundation stone of any project or take a decision on any policy of the government.
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Preeti Dabral 1 year, 10 months ago
The Indian Parliament is a bicameral legislature. It consists of two houses: Rajya Sabha which is the upper chamber of the Parliament and Lok Sabha which is the lower chamber of the parliament.
The powers and functions can be classified into the following categories:
1.Legislative powers and functions:
The primary function of Parliament is law-making. Lok Sabha plays an important part here. It can pass bills concerning the Union and Concurrent list. No bill can be made into law unless it has been passed by the Parliament.
2. Executive powers and functions:
Executive powers are needed in the process of implementing acts and policies in Parliament. The Parliament can remove the Cabinet out of power.
3. Financial powers and functions:
Parliament enjoys supreme authority in financial matters. It includes enactment of the budget, examining the performance of government concerning financial spending through financial committees.
4. Judicial powers and functions:
It includes impeachment of the President for violation of the constitution, removal of judges of the supreme and high court, removal of vice-president, and punishment of its members or outsiders for breach of privileges.
5. Electoral powers and functions:
All Parliament members participate in the election of President and Vice-President. The members of Lok Sabha elect its speaker and deputy speaker from among its members. The Rajya Sabha elects its Deputy Chairman.
6. Constituent powers and functions:
Parliament is empowered to initiate a proposal for the amendment of the constitution. A bill for the amendment initiated in either House of the Parliament.
Note: India has a parliamentary system of government. The functions and powers of the Indian Parliament are mentioned in the Indian Constitution in Chapter II of Part V. The laws framed by the Parliament are enforced in the whole country. The Parliament is the highest-ranking legislative body in the country.
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Rajesh Jha 1 year, 10 months ago
1Thank You