Yes, it is good to have political competition. A political competition may have many limitations such as it can results in factionalism, disunity and use of dirty tricks to win elections.  However, free competitions in elections works better in a longer run. Many political parties prepare their manifestoes in which they point out steps that they will take after they come to power. The voter is in an advantageous situation as he can assess the manifestoes and party policies and decide the party to which he/she wants to vote. In any democracy, elections are based on political competition and absence of competition hampers the working of democratic practices or institutions. 

In India, a national assembly of elected representatives is called Parliament.
The major powers and junctions of the Parliament are
(i) The Parliament is the final authority for making laws in any Country. In India, it makes laws on the subjects of Union List, Concurrent List and in certain cases on State List.
(ii) The Parliament can pass a resolution of no-confidence against the ministry and ask it to resign. Those who run the government can take decisions only so long as they enjoy support of the Parliament.
(iii) The Parliament controls all the money that government has. The governmental budget is passed in the Parliament.

The Andaman and Nicobar islands are the group of Indian Union.

They lie in the south east of India .

They are divided into two parts :

• At the top , Andaman.

• At the bottom , Nicobar.

The Administrative headquarters are at Port Blair .

They are the only barren Volcano of India .

They are rich in the diversity of Flora and Fauna .

They are of great strategic importance for India.

They are below the Bay of Bengal.

The role of women in France during the revolutionary years were:
(i) Women started their own political clubs and newspapers.
(ii) They demanded the right to vote.
(iii) They demanded to be elected to the Assembly and to hold political office.
(iv) The revolutionary Government introduced some laws for women.
(v) During the 'Reign of Terror', new Government ordered to close women's clubs and ban political activities.
(vi) women's movement for voting right continued through next two hundred years.
(vii) Women's struggle for equal political rights continued during the 'Reign of Terror'. The government banned their clubs and political activities. Many women got arrested. It was in 1946 that many women got the right to vote.

This map shows France and its divisions as they were in 1789. These regions were the focal point of the French Revolution.

Question 1.
Features are marked by numbers in the given outline map of France. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map.
1 The region not affected by the Great Fear
or
Regions of France not affected by the Great Fear
2 The place where Napoleon Bonaparte was finally defeated in 1815
3 Region of Southern France was not affected by the Great Fear

Answer:
1. Alsace
2. Waterloo
3. Toulouse

Surface winds account for rainfall along the Malabar coast.

• These are narrow coastal strips, running along the Arabian Sea on the west and Bay of Bengal on the east.
• These are known as western coast and eastern coast of the coastal plains.
• The western coast is sandwiched between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea.
• It is a narrow plain and consists of three sections. The northern part of the coast is called the ‘Konkan’, the central is called ‘Kannad Plain’ and the southern part is called the ‘Malabar Coast’.
• The plains along the Bay of Bengal are wide and level.
• In the northern part, it is called Northern Circas, while the southern part is known as Coromandal Coasts.
• Large rivers such as the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri form extensive deltas on the eastern coasts.
• Lake Chilika is also located on the eastern coast. It is the largest salt water lake of India.

Mawsynram is located at 25° 18′ N, 91° 35′ E, at an altitude of about 1,400 metres (4,600 ft), 15 km west of Cherrapunji, in the Khasi Hills in the state of Meghalaya (India).

Kulaks were the well to do peasants of Russia The members of the Bolshevik party raided the Kulaks and their goods were seized. It was believed that the Kulaks were exploiting the peasants and hoarding grain to earn higher profits and thus leading to grain shortages.

The Himalayas were formed as a result of the collision between the Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate. Read the description given below:

• Because of the impact of convectional currents, the crust was split into many pieces. The Indo–Australian plate got separated from the Gondwanaland and drifted towards the north.
• As it drifted towards the north, it collided with the Eurasian plate. As a result of this collision, the sedimentary rocks which were settled in the large-scale depression in the Earth’s crust called Tethys were folded and formed the Himalayas.

When Hitler was appointed chancellor, Hindenburg was president, but he was old and ailing. When he died, Hitler announced he was eliminating the position of president, so he would be the undisputed leader of Germany. He declared that he was Fuhrer, and held absolute power. He also declared that it was treason to oppose the Fuhrer, and the penalty for treason was death. So the three step plan was this:

1) No more president meant no one could challenge him

2) He was leader or Fuhrer, and held absolute power.

3) Demanded complete loyalty, and if not, the penalty was death.

His laws were so extreme, that everyone was required to give the Nazi salute (arm outstretched, palm down) when prompted to do so. Failure to do so was treason, and punishable by death.

The spread of electricity has helped the farmers of Palampur village in the following ways :

•  Most of the houses have electric connections.
•  Electricity is used to run tubewells in the fields.
•  Electricity is used in various types of small business.

After Hitler took over Germany, he assigned Hjalmar Schacht, the responsibility of economic recovery. The various economic reforms carried out under the Hitler's rule were

1. Full production and full employment through a state-funded work-creation programme. This project produced the famous German superhighways (autobahns) and the people's car, the Volkswagen.

2. Proposal of compulsory labour for male citizens, comprehensive agricultural reform, interest-rate reduction, looser union wages to promote industrial growth and new jobs in road and waterway construction.

3. Accumulation of resources by undertaking aggressive foreign policy and expansion of territory.

Momentum has magnitude and direction and obeys vector law of addition. Hence, it is a vector.

The distribution of population in the world is uneven. Some areas are very crowded while some are sparsely populated. There are various reasons behind uneven distribution:

Geographical factors: Favorable topography, availability of mineral and freshwater resources, favorable climate and soil fertility are some of the reasons affecting population distribution. Indo-Gangetic Plains, Diamond Mines of South Africa, etc, are densely populated.

Social and cultural factors: Areas of better housing, education and health facilities are more populated. Places of religious and cultural significance also attract people e.g., Varanasi, Jerusalem, etc.

Economic factors: Places having more industries, transportation and communication facilities provide better employment opportunities. People are attracted to these places because of these reasons, e.g., Mumbai, Osaka etc.

(i) The northern plains have been formed from the alluvium deposited by the mountain rivers.
(ii) They are located between the Himalayan rivers in the north and the Peninsular Plateau in the south.
(iii) They turned the soil on the surfaced land fertile for growing a rich harvest of variety of crops. This led to the development of the Indus Valley Civilization.
(iv) They are made up of deposits of alluvium and cover an area of 7 lakh sq. km.
(v) They are densely populated physiographic division of India and are believed to be highly productive in terms of agriculture.
(vi) The North Indian plains have the Indus river system in the west and the Ganga Brahmaputra river system in the East.
(vii) The first include Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Satluj. The Indus flows into the Arabian Sea. The second includes Ganga-Brahamaputra which combines with Meghna at the point when it drains into the Bay of Bengal. They form the world's largest and fastest growing delta. On the basis of difference of relief, they are divided into four parts-Bhabar, Terai, Bhangar and Khadar.
(viii) The northern plain is divided into three sections - Punjab plain, Ganga plain and Brahmaputra plain. The Ganga plain has diverse relief features. It has four belts.
(a) Bhabar is a belt of pebbles extending from 8-16 km in width in which stream disappears.
(b) Terai is a wet, swampy, marshy region with thick forests and wild life.
(c) Bhangar is a terrace-like feature made of old alluvium. It contains calcareous deposits called Kankar.
(d) Khadar is the flood plain which renewed everywhere and is very fertile.

The defining characteristic of an arid climate is a lack of moisture. The soil is dry, the air is dry, and yearly precipitation is very low. A variety of factors combine to steer storms and moisture away from arid regions. In some arid climates, evaporation rates exceed precipitation, leading to a net moisture loss. The main features of the tropical desert vegetation are that the trees are scattered and stunted due to scanty rainfall. Most of the plants are leafless. Two main species of trees found in the region are khejri and cacti.

In India, elections are conducted by an independent and very powerful ,Election Commission. The procedure for the appointment of the Chief Election Commissioner is
(i) The President of India appoints the Chief Election Commissioner.
(ii) Once appointed, the Chief Election Commissioner is - not answerable to the President or die government.
(iii) The Chief Election Commissioner has tenure of six years or up to the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.
(iv) The status, salary and perks of the Chief Election Commissioner are equivalent to Judges of the Supreme Court of India.
(v) The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed from office only through impeachment by the Parliament. So, it is virtually impossible to remove him.

General Elections: Elections that are held after every five years when the Parliament completes its full term.

By-election: If an elected member resigns or dies before completing his/her term, his/her office becomes vacant. Election held to fill that vacant seat is known as by-election

Democracy is a form of government in which the rulers are elected by the people. One chief factor common to all democracies is that the government is chosen by the people. It also helps students to demarcate between democratic and non-democratic governments. From the non-democratic government, take the example of Myanmar, where rulers were not elected by the people. 

The president-elect takes office after the oath of office is administered during the presidential inauguration. If the result of an election is unclear or disputed, no person is normally referred to as president-elect until the dispute is resolved. The President of India is elected by an electoral college consisting of (a) elected members of both the Houses of Parliament, and (b) the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the states. ... While appointing the Prime Minister, the President selects: Leader of the largest party in the Lok Sabha.