India has a monsoon type of climate as its climate is influenced by the monsoon winds. The monsoon type of climate is based on distinct season and season of reversal of monsoon winds. This happens due to the differential heating of land and water bodies and pressure situations. When air moves from high pressure area over the southern Indian Ocean, it crosses equator and turns right to the low pressure situation over the Indian sub continent. These winds blow over the warm oceans, pick up moisture from them resulting into rainfall in India.

Check CBSE Class 9 Social Science (087) Deleted Portion:

Justin Pierre James Trudeau PC MP  is a Canadian politician who has served as the 23rd prime minister of Canada since 2015 and has been the leader of the Liberal Party since 2013

In a democratic country, two categories make up the executive. One that is elected by the people for a specific period, is called the political executive. Political leaders who take the big decisions fall in this category. In the second category, people are appointed on a long-term basis. This is called the permanent executive or civil services. Persons working in civil services are called civil servants. They remain in office even when the ruling party changes. These officers work under political executive and assist them in carrying out the day-to-day administration.

CBSE Class 9 Social Science (087) Deleted Portion:

•   By 1927 -1928, the towns in Soviet Russia were facing an acute problem of grain supplies. Stalin introduced collectivization programme. From 1929, the communist party forced all peasants to cultivate in collective farms (Kolkhoz). The bulk of land and implements were transferred to the ownership of collective farm. It was possible by eliminating the class of 'kulaks' well to do or rich farmers of Russia. The values which are associated with Stalin's collectivization programme are as followes (i) Promotion of State controlled large farms to increase production and solved the problem of grain scarcity. (ii) Transfer of Ownership of Land took away land from peasants and established the collective farm, the state controlled large farms. (iii) Elimination of a Social Class eliminated 'kulaks' the well to do peasants of Russia.

• High Yielding Variety Seeds (HYV seeds) are seeds are of better quality than normal quality seeds.
• The produce from these seeds is a bit more compared to the normal ones.
• These seeds are a better option of seeds in order to obtain a healthy and surplus crop.

In Saudi Arabia women do not have the right to vote.Estonia has made its citizenship rules in such a way that people belonging to Russian minority find it difficult to get the right to vote.In Fiji, vote of an indigenous Fiji has more value than that of an Indian Fiji. These points give us the third feature of democracy. That is: In a democracy, each adult citizen must have one vote and each vote must have one value.

Any elevated area, such as a mountain or an upland, which separates two drainage basins is known as water divide; for example, the water divide between the Indus and the Ganga river systems.

The major powers and functions of the Parliament are:

(i) The Parliament is the final authority for making laws in any Country. In India, it makes laws on the subjects of Union List, Concurrent List and in certain cases on State List.

(ii) The Parliament can pass a resolution of no-confidence against the ministry and ask it to resign. Those who run the government can take decisions only so long as they enjoy support of the Parliament.

(iii) Parliament all over the world exercise some control over those who run the government. In some countries like India this control is direct and full.

(iv) Parliament control all over the money that Government have. In most of the countries any the public money can be spent only when the parliament sanctions it.

(v) The Parliament elects President, Vice-President, Speaker, Deputy Speaker, Vice-Chairman of Rajya Sabha, etc. It can also remove President, Vice-President, Judges of the Supreme Court and High . Courts by passing a resolution of impeachment against them.

Nazis believed that the Jews were the killers of Christ. Until medieval times, Jews were not allowed to own any land. They survived mainly through trade and moneylending. They lived in separately marked areas called the ghettos. Hitler’s hatred for the Jews was based on pseudoscientific theories of race. They were terrorised, segregated and compelled to leave the country. During World War II, they were killed in gas chambers in Poland.

The Nazis established control over its people by various means:→ They used different propganda through posters or films to glorify their behaviour.
→ Media was carefully used to win support for the regime and popularise it.
→ Nazism worked on the minds of the people, tapped their emotions and turned their hatred and anger against those marked as ‘undesirable’.
→ Special surveillance and security forces to control and order society in ways that the Nazis wanted, was created.
→ The police forces had powers to rule with impunity. Genocide also created an atmosphere of fear and repression which helped them to establish total control over its people.

The plateau can be broadly divided into two regions, viz. the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau.

1. The Central Highlands: The Central Highlands lies to the north of the Narmada river. It covers the major portion of the Malwa plateau. The rivers in this region flow from southwest to northeast; which indicates the slope of this region. It is wider in the west and narrower in the east. Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand mark the eastward extension of this plateau. The plateau further extends eastwards into the Chhotanagpur plateau.
2. The Deccan Plateau:- The Deccan Plateau lies to the south of the Naramada river. It is triangular in shape. The Satpura range makes its northern part. The Mahadev, Kaimur Hills and Maikal range make its eastern part. The slope of the Deccan Plateau is from west to east. It extends into the north east which encompasses Meghalaya, Karbi-Anglong Plateau and North Cachar Hills. Garo, Khasi and Jaintia hills are the prominent ranges; starting from west to east.

The term 'Genocidal War' refers to the mass murder of a particular group of innocent civilians in Europe by Germany during the Second World War.

The order of 13 August 1990 was opposed by the people who did not belong to backward classes due to the following reasons-
1. They felt that this was unfair as this order would deny opportunity of equality.
2. They would be denied of jobs even though they are more qualified than backward class people.
3..This would increase caste feeling among people and destroy national unity.

OPEN FIELDS AND COMMON LAND

The first half of the 19th century in England witnessed riots. The main reason behind this was the fear of workmen working on the farms were afraid of loosing their jobs to the machines.

Peasants cultivated open fields which were strips of land near their villages. These strips were of varying quality. This was a measure to ensure that everyone had a mix of good and bad land. Beyond these strips lay common land which was used by all to graze cattle, gather fruits and berries and firewood. The common land was essential for survival of poors.

This began to change from the 16th century. Wool became important. Farmers began to enclose fields to improve sheep breeds and ensure good feed. With enclosed fields there was no concept of common land. This changed the entire landscape of England.

Thrust in Grain Cultivation: From the mid-18th century onwards enclosures became different. They were now for grain cultivation. English population was expanding and Britain was industrialising. People moved to urban areas. Lesser people had to produce more grains. The market for food grain expanded. Food grain prices rose. This encouraged land owners to enclose lands and enlarge the area under grain cultivation. As the English population was rising the encloseure helped the food production to rise simultaneously.

Enclosures: Food grain production increased as much as population. England was producing almost 80% of the food grain the population consumed. Crop production received a boost through various crop rotation techniques. Enclosures allowed landowners to expand the land under their control and produce more for the market. Between 1750 and 1850, 6 million acres of land was enclosed.

The Farmers — The Poor : The poor no longer had access to the commons. They were displaced from their lands and found their customary rights disappearing. Work became uncertain, insecure and income unstable.

Dependency on Machines — The Thresher : During the Napoleonic wars the threshing machine was introduced to lessen dependency on labour and increase production. After the Napoleonic wars ended soldiers returned home but found no work. At the same time an agricultural depression set in. There was agricultural surplus and labourers without work.

click on the given link for notes:

<a data-ved="2ahUKEwjLyP2UosrtAhWBSH0KHd6fA6gQFjADegQIBRAC" href="https://mycbseguide.com/blog/history-peasants-farmers-class-9-notes-social-science/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://mycbseguide.com/blog/history-peasants-farmers-class-9-notes-social-science/&ved=2ahUKEwjLyP2UosrtAhWBSH0KHd6fA6gQFjADegQIBRAC" rel="noopener" target="_blank">History-Peasants and Farmers class 9 Notes Social Science ...</a>

The social, economic and political conditions in Russia, before 1905 was quite backward. Social inequality was very prominent among the working class. Workers were divided on the basis of their occupation. ... Workers had strong links to the villages they came from and this also caused a social divide among workers. The social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905 were variously beneficial and bad for the masses. 85% of Russia's population was agriculturist, far more than France or Germany with 40-50%. Industry was existent, but sporadically

In Saudi Arabia, women do not have the right to vote.

The southernmost point of the Indian Union– ‘Indira Point’ got submerged under the sea water in 2004 during the Tsunami.

The southernmost point of the Indian Union– ‘Indira Point’ got submerged under the sea water in 2004 during the Tsunami.

Germany was a powerful empire in the early years of the twentieth century. It fought the First World War (1914-1918) alongside the Austrian empire and against the Allies (England, France and Russia). The Allies were strengthened by the US entry in 1917 and won the war in November 1918.

The defeat of the Imperial Germany paved the way for democratic republic in Germany. The parliamentary parties met at the National Assembly at Weimar and established a democratic constitution with a federal structure. Universal suffrage was allowed for electing the Deputies to the German Parliament (Reichstag).

Versailles Treaty: But after the First World War, Germany was forced to accept certain terms which hurt the pride of the German people. As per the peace treaty signed at Versailles, Germany lost its overseas colonies, a tenth of its population, 13% of its territories, 75% of its iron and 26% of its coal to France, Poland, Denmark and Lithuania. To weaken its power, the Allied Powers demilitarized Germany. The War Guilt Clause forced Germany to pay compensation amounting to £6 billion. The resource rich Rhineland was occupied by the Allied armies for much of the 1920s. Because of these developments, many Germans were not happy with the Weimar Republic.

The Weimar Republic was Germany's government from 1919 to 1933, the period after World War I until the rise of Nazi Germany. It was named after the town of Weimar where Germany's new government was formed by a national assembly after Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated.