1)The Great Economic Depression (1929-1932) hit the German economy very badly. By 1932, industrial production was reduced to 40 per cent of the 1929 level. Workers lost their jobs or were paid reduced wages.

2) The number of unemployed touched an unprecedented 6 million.

3) Unemployed youths played cards or simply sat at street corners, or desperately queued up at the local employment exchange. In dearth of jobs, the youth took to criminal activities.

4) There were deep anxieties and fears in people. The middle classes, especially salaried employees and pensioners, saw their savings diminish when the currency lost its value. Small businessmen, the self-employed and retailers suffered as their businesses got ruined. These sections of society were filled with the fear of being reduced to the ranks of the working class or worse still, the unemployed.

5)  The large mass of peasantry was badly affected by a sharp fall in agricultural prices and women, unable to fill their children's stomachs, were filled with a sense of deep despair.

The following factors are responsible for the huge diversity in flora and fauna kingdom in our country:
(i) Land:. Land affects the natural vegetation directly and indirectly. The nature of land influences the type of vegetation. The fertile level is generally devoted to agriculture. The undulating and rough terrains are areas where grassland and woodland develop and give shelter to a variety of wildlife,
(ii) Soil: Different types of soil provide basis for different types of vegetation. The sandy soils of the desert support cactus and thorny bushes while wet marshy, deltaic soils support mangroves and deltaic vegetation. The hill slopes with some depth of soil have conical trees..
(iii) Temperature: Temperature along with humidity in the air, precipitation and soil determine the character and extent of vegetation. On the slopes of the Himalayas and the hills of the peninsula above the height of 915 metres, the fall in temperature affects the types of vegetation and its growth and changes it from tropical to subtropical temperature and alpine vegetation.
(iv) Sunlight: The variation in duration of sunlight at different places also affect the growth of trees. Due to longer duration in sunlight, trees grow faster in summers..
(v) Precipitation: In India almost the entire rainfall is brought in by the advancing southwest monsoon (from June to September) and retreating north-east monsoons. Areas of heavy rainfall have more dense vegetation as compared to other areas of less rainfall.

Jadidists were Muslim reformers within the Russian empire who wanted modernized Islam to lead their societies. They supported the liberals of Russia who campaigned against the autocracy of the Tsar and demanded a constitution during the 1905 revolution. They gave prime importance to education and focused on the social upliftment of women. They echoed the opinion of the public through new forms of media like newspapers and magazines.

Born in 1889 in Austria, Hitler spent his youth in poverty. When the First World War broke out, he enrolled for the army, acted as a messenger in the front, became a corporal, and earned medals for bravery. The German defeat horrified him and the Versailles Treaty made him furious. In 1919, he joined a small group called the German Workers’ Party. He subsequently took over the organisation and renamed it the National Socialist German Workers’ Party. This party came to be known as the Nazi Party.

The three parallel ranges of the Himalayas are:

Himadri (Great or Inner Himalayas)

• It is the most continuous range. The northernmost range is called the Himadri. It consists of loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres. It contains all the prominent peaks. It remains snow covered throughout the year, resulting into the formation of glaciers and some perennial rivers.

Himachal (Lesser Himalayas)

• It lies to the south of Himadri and forms the most rugged mountain system. The ranges are mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks. Average height is between 3,700 to 4,500 metres. Some famous ranges are the Pir Panjal range, Dhaula Dhar and Mahabharat ranges. It has some famous valleys like Kullu, Kangra and Kashmir. They are known for their hill stations. The average width is 50 Km.

Shiwaliks (Outer Himalayas)

• This is the outermost range of the Himalayas. Its height varies between 900 and 1,100 metres. These ranges are composed of unconsolidated rock material, so these ranges are prone to earthquakes and landslides. These longitudinal valleys lying between lesser Himalayas and Shiwaliks are called ‘Duns’ like Dehra Dun, Kotli Dun and Patlin Dun, etc.

It is a one tenth of annual produce or earnings, formerly taken as a tax for the support of the Church and clergy.
or
Tithes was tax lived by the church, comprising one-tenth of the agriculture produce.

According to the census 2001 data, a person aged 7 years and above who can read and write with understanding in any language is termed as literate.
Features of literacy rate in India
(i) The literacy rate is steadily improving in India.
(ii) As per census 2011 data, die literacy rate of India is 74.04%.
(iii) The male literacy rate is 82.14%
(iv) The female literacy rate is 65.46%
(v) India has large gap in literacy rate between male and female population.
(vi) It also shows the social inequality between male and female.
(vii) This gap in literacy rate is further increased by the declining *** ratio.
Literacy is an important quality of population. For the development and economic improvement of the country, there should be high literacy rate both among male and female.

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• The question you are asking is not clear or incomplete.
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World War 2 was fought between two groups of countries. On one side were the Axis Powers, including Germany, Italy and Japan. On the other side were the Allies. They included Britain, France, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, India, the Soviet Union, China and the United States of America.

Germany was ruled by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. Hitler wanted Germany to control Europe. Japan wanted to control Asia and the Pacific. In 1937 Japan attacked China. In 1939 Germany invaded Poland. This is how World War 2 began.

The powers and functions of judiciary in India are discussed below:

(i)The Supreme Court and the High Courts have the power to interpret the Constitution of the country.

(ii)They can declare invalid any law of the legislature or the actions of the executive, whether at the Union level or at the state level, if they find such a law or action is against the Constitution.

(iii)Thus they can determine the Constitutional validity of any legislation or action of the executive in the country, when it is challenged before them. This is known as the judicial review.

The voters who live in an area elect the one representative. 
(ii) Voters' List: Once the constituencies are decided, the next step is to decide who can and who cannot vote. This decision cannot be left to anyone till the last day. In a democratic election, the list of those who are eligible to vote is prepared much before the election and given to everyone.
(iii) Nomination of Candidates: Every person who wishes to contest an election has to fill a nomination form by the due date, which the Election Commission fixes. Every candidate has to give some money as security deposit alongwith nomination form. 
(iv) Election Campaign: Election campaigns take place for a two-week period between the announcement of the final list of candidates and the date of polling. During this period the candidates contact their voters, political leaders address election meetings and political parties mobilise their supporters. 
(v) Polling and Counting of Votes: The final stage of an election is the day when the voters cast or poll their vote. That day is usually called the election day. Every person whose name is on the voters' list can go to a nearby polling booth. Once the voter goes inside the booth, the election officials identify him/her,  put a mark on his/her finger and allow him/her to cast his/her vote. There are electronic voting machines (EVMs) which are used to record votes. The machine shows the names of the candidates and the party symbols. What the voter has to do is to press the button against the name of the candidate he/she wants to give his/her vote. 
Once the polling is over, all the EVMs are sealed and taken to a secure place. A few days later, on a fixed date, all the EVMs from a constituency are opened and the votes secured by each candidate are counted. The candidate who secures the highest number of votes from a constituency is declared elected. 

The question you are asking is not clear or incomplete.
You can add more details like chapter name or book name.
Ask specific question which are clear and concise.
Ask properly stated queries for the answer.

China:

(i) In China, the elections do not offer people any choice.

(ii) They have to choose the ruling party and the candidates approved by it.

 Mexico:

(i) In Mexico, the people seemed to have a choice but practically they did not have any choice.

 (ii) There was no way that the ruling party could be defeated, even if the people were against it.

• The Himalayan Mountains are young fold mountains which run in the west to east direction. They run over about 2,400 km.
• The width of the mountains varies from 2,400 km in Kashmir to 150 km in Arunachal Pradesh.
• The Himalayas are divided into three parallel ranges. They are:

1. The Himadri: It is the northernmost range of the Himalayas. This range is also known as the Great or the Inner Himalayas. This range has some of the highest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres.
2. The Himachal: It is also known as Himachal or the lesser Himalayas. All the famous hill stations such as Mussoorie, Shimla, Nainital and Manali are located in the Himachal range. 
3. The Siwaliks: These are the outermost range of the Himalayas. The Siwaliks are formed as a result of depositions brought down by rivers from the northernmost Himalayan range. 

• The Himalayas spread in the eastern most parts of the country form the Purvanchal Range. It is mostly composed of sedimentary rocks. The Purvanchal Range comprises the Patkai Hills, Naga Hills, Manipur Hills and Mizo Hills.

a. Elections are the most important tool of indirect democracy through which people elect their representatives who in turn make laws for them.
b. It is through elections people exercise their choice.
c. It allows for a government based on the consent of the people.
d. Elections allow peaceful transition from one form of government to another by means of elections. If people are not satisfied with present government, its policies its way of functioning they can always elect another party to form government. 

a. Elections are the most important tool of indirect democracy through which people elect their representatives who in turn make laws for them.
b. It is through elections people exercise their choice.
c. It allows for a government based on the consent of the people.
d. Elections allow peaceful transition from one form of government to another by means of elections. If people are not satisfied with present government, its policies its way of functioning they can always elect another party to form government. 

In India, there are two houses of Parliament. They are the House of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of People (Lok Sabha). Rajya Sabha is the Upper House, while the Lok Sabha is the Lower House.

Food security means availability, accessibility and affordability of food to all people at all times.

Availability: Food production in the country, import of food

Accessibility: Food within the reach of every person

Affordability: To have enough money to buy sufficient amount of food.

The most important longitude of our country India is 82 ½ degree because it is the Indian Standard Meridian which passes through Allahabad and Chennai. It is very important because the time in India is determined ONLY by this particular meridian

An Election Manifesto is a formal statement of the programmes and objectives of a political party. It deals with various issues like Centre-State relations, judicial reforms, social justice, health, education, defence, world peace, economic growth, etc. It also contains the promises made by the party for sections of society.

1. In India, the duration of the monsoon is generally from the months of June to mid September. When the monsoon arrives, the intensity of the rainfall increases which continues for several days, this is known as the ‘burst’ of the monsoon.
2. The Monsoon also has alternate wet and dry spells, also known as ‘breaks’ in the Monsoon.
3. Monsoons in India are irregular and highly unpredictable.
4. Rainfall during eh Monsoon season is unevenly distributed through out the country. While Western Ghats, north eastern parts of the country receive more than 200 cm of rainfall annually, the eastern Ghats and north western parts of the country receive comparatively less rainfall.

In 1919, Hitler joined a small group called the German Workers’ Party. He subsequently took over the organisation and renamed it the National Socialist German Workers’ Party. This party came to be known as the Nazi Party