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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 1 month ago
Function of nerve cell
- Communication and coordination,
- Sensory nerves, which carries the message to brain.
- Allows us to react to a stimulus.
- They conduct electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body.
- It carries messages from other neurons to a cell body.
Posted by Tanmayee Hariyan 7 years, 1 month ago
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 1 month ago
- Plasma is a state of matter where the gas phase is heated until atomic electronsare no longer associated with any particular atomic nucleus. Plasmas are made up of positively charged ions and unbound electrons.
- Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter of a dilute gas of bosons cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero (that is, very near 0 K or −273.15 °C). Under such conditions, a large fraction of bosons occupy the lowest quantum state, at which point macroscopic quantum phenomena become apparent.
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Meghna Thapar 6 years, 1 month ago
The subphylum 'Gnathostomata' is divided into six different classes. Out of the six two classes, Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes combine together to form a super-class, called Pisces.
Chondrichthyes:
(i) Marine fishes with completely cartilaginous endoskeleton. They are generally large in size.
(ii) Streamlined body is either laterally compressed or spindle-shaped or dorsoventrally flattened and disc shaped.
(iii) Mouth is ventral in position.
(iv) Skin is tough and covered with minute placoid scales.
(v) Heart is two chambered.
(vi) Excrete urea (ureotelic animals).
Example: Scoliodon (dog fish) and Torpedo ( electric ray)
Osteichthyes:
(i) Marine and fresh water fishes with partly or whole bony endoskeleton.
(ii) Body is generally spindle shaped.
(iii) Mouth is usually terminal in position.
(iv) Skin is either naked or covered with cycloid or ctenoid scales.
(v) Heart is two chambered containing one auricle and one ventricle.
(vi) Excrete ammonia (ammonotelic animals).
Example: Labeo (Rohu) and Synchiropus splendidus (mandarin fish)
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- The Nitrogen Cycle:
The continuous process by which nitrogen is exchanged between organisms and the environment is called nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient, needed to make amino acids and other important organic compounds, but most organisms cannot use free nitrogen, which is abundant as a gas in the atmosphere.
Nitrogen cycle involves the following steps:
(i) Nitrogen fixation: This process involves the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates, which are soluble in water. This is done by various nitrogen fixing bacteria. Example - Rhizobium, blue green algae and bacterium Azotobacter.
(ii) Ammonification: It is the process of decomposing complex, dead organic matter into ammonia. This is done by microorganisms living in the soil.
(iii) Nitrification: It is the process of conversion of ammonia into nitrites and then into nitrates. This is done by nitrifying bacteria. Example - Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter.
(iv) Denitrification: It is the process of reducing nitrates present in the soil to release nitrogen back into the atmosphere. Example - Pseudomonas.
The decomposers help in decomposing the dead bodies of plants and animals, and hence act as cleansing agents of environment. The decomposers also help in putting back the various elements of which the dead plants and animals were made, back into the soil, air and water for reuse by the producers like crop-plants, e.g. the decomposers like purifying bacteria and fungi decompose the dead plants and animal bodies into ammonia. This ammonia is converted into nitrates by nitrifying bacteria present in soil. These nitrates act as fertilizer in the soil and are again absorbed by the plants for their growth. Thus, the nitrates act as fertilizer in the biosphere so that the process of life may go on and on like an unending chain.
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Meghna Thapar 6 years, 1 month ago
- Equation For Position - Time Relation:
Let us consider that the object has travelled a distance s in time t under uniform acceleration a. The distance travelled by the object is obtained by the area enclosed within OABC under the velocity-time graph AB. Thus, the distance s travelled by the object is given by
s = area OABC (which is a trapezium)
= area of the rectangle OADC + area of the triangle ABDM.
= OA × OC + 1/2 (AD × BD)
Substituting OA = u, OC = AD = t and BD = at, we get
s = u × t + 1/2 (t×at)
or
Posted by Pankaj Yadav 7 years, 1 month ago
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 1 month ago
We can examine the plant whether it is monocot or dicot on the basis of their structure of seeds, roots , leaves and stems.
Seeds : A seed of a monocot plant has one cotyledon and that of a dicot plants has two cotyledons.
Roots: Monocots have adventitious roots, whereas dicots have a radicle from which a root develops.
Leaves: If the leaf has a stalk, then the plant is a dicot. But, in the case of a monocot plant, the leaf is sessile, which means it is attached directly by its base without a stalk.
Leaves Venation : If the leaves have parallel venations that are long and thin, then the plant is monocot. If the leaves have a branched venation, then the plant is a dicot.
Stem: Monocot plants normally have a weak stem, whereas dicots have a strong stem.
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Posted by Pankaj Yadav 7 years, 1 month ago
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Siddhee Singh 7 years, 1 month ago
Yogita Ingle 7 years, 1 month ago
Glycerin is a better mounting medium than water because glycerin does not evaporate and also keeps the plant or animal material wet whereas water can evaporate easily and makes the plants or animal material dry very soon.
Posted by Pankaj Yadav 7 years, 1 month ago
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Posted by Pankaj Yadav 7 years, 1 month ago
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 1 month ago
After the birth of a calf ,a cow secretes milk.the duration of milk secretion of a cow that is the period of time till which the cow secretes milk is known as lactation period.brownswiss and jersey are selected for their long lactation period.
Posted by Pankaj Yadav 7 years, 1 month ago
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 1 month ago
Desirable characters of bee varieties suitable for honey production are:
- They should have high honey collecting capacity.
- They should not sting much.
- They should stay in the beehive for long durations.
- They should breed very well.
Posted by Pankaj Yadav 7 years, 1 month ago
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Meghna Thapar 6 years, 1 month ago
Difference between prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell:
|
Prokaryotic Cell |
Eukaryotic Cell |
|
i. Cell size is generally small. ii. Only a single chromosome is present iii. Nucleolus is absent iv. Cell division by fission or budding. |
i. Cell is generally large. ii. More than one chromosome is present.
iii. Nucleolus is present iv. Cell division mitotic or meiotic |
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Manish Sharma 7 years, 1 month ago
3Thank You