There are two laws of reflection.
(i) Angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection.
(ii) The incident ray, the normal at the point of incidence, and the reflected ray all lie in the same plane.

12 ÷ 1 - 2

= 12 - 2

= 10

The practice of surveying became common practice under the colonial administration because the British believed that a country had to be properly known before it could be effectively administered.

The conflict between the Bengal nawabs and the East India Company started when the Nawabs refused to grant the Company concessions and demanded large tributes for the Company,s right to trade. The Nawabs also denied the Company any right to mint coins, and stopped it from extending its fortifications. The British landed on Indian Subcontinent at the port of Surat, August 24, 1608 AD for the purpose of trade, but after 7 years British got Royal order (i.e. Farman) to establish a factory at Surat under the leadership of Sir Thomas Roe (Ambassador of James I).

A rhombus is a type of quadrilateral. It is a special case of a parallelogram, whose diagonals intersects each other at 90 degrees. This is the basic property of rhombus. The shape of a rhombus is in a diamond shape, hence it is also called a diamond.

Some of the important properties of the rhombus are as follows:

• All sides of the rhombus are equal.
• The opposite sides of a rhombus are parallel.
• Opposite angles of a rhombus are equal.
• In a rhombus, diagonals bisecting each other at right angles.
• Diagonals bisect the angles of a rhombus.
• The sum of two adjacent angles is equal to 180 degrees.
• The two diagonals of a rhombus form four right-angled triangles which are congruent to each other
• You will get a rectangle when you join the midpoint of the sides.
• You will get another rhombus when you join the midpoints of half the diagonal.
• Around a rhombus, there can be no circumscribing circle.

A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. A constitution is written document containing certain rules. It serves several purposes.

Connie was the wife of Jim Mackpherson in this chapter.she was a lovely wife of her husband.she loved Very much to her husband and she also used to make cake for her husband. But after a tragedy comes in her life and she lost her memory . After many years the writer came to meet her but she thought that he is her husband. This shows that,she also loved her husband in that time

Vegetative propagation is defined as the production of new plants from the vegetative plant parts like leaf, stem, roots of the parent plant. In ginger, the vegetative propagation occurs through the underground stem called rhizome. A rhizome is an underground horizontal stem, with stored foods and buds. Manufactured foods are transported down to enable the growth of the rhizome. The lower portion of the rhizome develops roots and helps in the conduction of water and minerals.

1. His actual name was Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur. His name is derived from the Persian word 'Babr', which means Tiger.

2. He was the eldest son of Umar Sheikh Mirza, a direct descendant of Turk-Mongol conqueror Timur, also known as Tamurlane. His mother was a direct descendant of Asia's conqueror Genghis Khan.

3. He ascended the throne of Fergana (now in Uzbekistan) in 1495, at the age of 12. In 1504, he conquered Kabul, which was an important citadel in Central Asia.

4. Babur was invited by Daulat Khan Lodi, a rebel of the Lodi dynasty, in 1524, to invade North India and fight the dynasty and their enemies in Rajputana. Rajputana was ruled by a Hindu Rajput confederacy, led by Mewar king Rana Sanga.

5. In 1526, Babur won the Battle of Panipat against Ibrahim Lodi, the Lodi king. He captured Delhi and founded the greatest dynasty of North India -- the Mughal Empire.

As discussed earlier, there are majorly six laws or rules defined for exponents. In the table below, all the laws are represented.

• a^m.aⁿ=a^m+n
• (a^m)ⁿ = a^mn
• (ab)ⁿ = aⁿ bⁿ
• (a/b)ⁿ = aⁿ/bⁿ
• a^m/aⁿ = a^m-n
• a^m/aⁿ = 1/a^n-m

Kharif crops:

Kharif crops are sown in June and harvested in November.

Examples of kharif crops:

"Jowar, rice, millet", "maize, soybean, turmeric", "Groundnut, cotton, sugarcane", "bitter gourd, etc".

Here, the crops are grouped based on their varieties and the month in which they are harvested.

The forces of Hindutva are constantly preaching that Muslims are being appeased by the government and secular parties. Had it been so the condition of Muslims would not have been as wretched as the Justice Rajindar Sachar Committee has found. According to the Sachar Committee report, 94.9 per cent rural BPL Muslim families do not get free ration, only 3.2 per cent get subsidised loan and just 1.9 per cent benefit from the government’s subsidised food programme. As many as 62.2 per cent do not have any land in the rural areas against the national average of 43 per cent. Sixty per cent of the urban Muslims never attend school and only 0.8 per cent Muslims in the rural areas are graduate. In the urban areas 3.1 per cent Muslims are graduates. This is what the so-called appeasement has given them. Their condition in education and employment is worse than even the Scheduled Castes. It is for the Hindutva forces to think seriously about their false propaganda, which has doubtless annoyed the largest minority community in this land of ours. Under the circumstances in which Muslims exist in the country we have Maoist armed struggles in tribal and other backward areas in many States; and yet, despite such a deplorable condition to which they are subjected, even strong peaceful protests on the part of the Muslims are missing. Secular parties too have failed to take up the causes of Muslims. Even the constitutional provisions for them have not been implemented. Their representation in Parliament and the State Assemblies is decreasing. It is unfortunate that Muslim organisations and the Imams, who raise religious issues of Muslims, mostly do not care to raise seriously such questions afflicting the community as low education, negligible employment, extreme poverty. On the Shah Bano case they rallied in lakhs, but they have never done so on the issue of poverty. At some Milli Council and Jamiat-e-Ulema meetings I had raised this point but to no avail.

Dual Government means double system of administration. The system of Dual Government was introduced in Bengal by Robert Clive of British East India Company. Under this system, though the administration theoretically divided between the Company and the Nawab, the whole power was actually in the hands of the Company.

1)They provide quick replenishment of plant nutrients in the soil and restores soil fertility.
2)They are easily absorbed by the plants.
3)They are easy to transport,store and handle because they come in bags.
4)The use of fertilisers has helped the farmers to get better yields of crops such as wheat,maize,rice.

Element 1: H-Hydrogen
Element 2: He-Helium
Element 3: Li-Lithium
Element 4: Be-Beryllium
Element 5: B-Boron
Element 6: C-Carbon
Element 7: N-Nitrogen
Element 8: O-Oxygen
Element 9: F-Fluorine
Element 10: Ne-Neon
Element 11: Na-Sodium
Element 12: Mg-Magnesium
Element 13 : Al-Aluminum
Element 14 : Si-Silicon
Element 15 : P-Phosphorus
Element 16 : S-Sulfur
Element 17 : Cl-Chlorine
Element 18 : Ar-Argon
Element 19 : K-Potassium
Element 20 : Ca-Calcium
Element 21 : Sc-Scandium
Element 22 : Ti-Titanium
Element 23 : V-Vanadium
Element 24 : Cr-Chromium
Element 25 : Mn-Manganese
Element 26 : Fe-Iron
Element 27 : Co-Cobalt
Element 28 : Ni-Nickel
Element 29 : Cu-Copper
Element 30 : Zn-Zinc
Element 31 : Ga-Gallium
Element 32 : Ge-Germanium
Element 33 : As-Arsenic
Element 34 : Se-Selenium
Element 35 : Br-Bromine
Element 36 : Kr-Krypton