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Forests have perennial trees of Sal, Sheesham, Teak, Banyan, Neem, Peepal, Bamboo, etc.

A forest has annual, biennial and perennial plants. Herbs are mostly annuals with a life span of one year. Biennials have a life span of two years whereas perennials can survive for several years. These include shrubs and trees.

The trees produce enough seeds and the forest floor provides favourable conditions for them to germinate and develop into seedlings.

The trees in the forests are of different shapes and heights. The branching part of the tree above the stem is called its crown. It is formed of branches and leaves. These crowns are of different types and sizes and form horizontal layers in the forests. The trees that are not as tall as canopy trees, form different layers or tiers under the canopy are called understoreys.

Vegetation regions can be divided into five major types: forest, grassland, tundra, desert, and ice sheet. Climate, soil, the ability of soil to hold water, and the slope, or angle, of the land all determine what types of plants will grow in a particular region. Vegetation of India can be divided into five types – Tropical evergreen forest, Tropical deciduous forest, Thorny bushes, Mountain vegetation and Mangrove forests.

Insects pollinate many of our fruits, flowers, and vegetables. ... Insects are very important as primary or secondary decomposers. Without insects to help break down and dispose of wastes, dead animals and plants would accumulate in our environment and it would be messy indeed. Birds help maintain sustainable population levels of their prey and predator species and, after death, provide food for scavengers and decomposers. Many birds are important in plant reproduction through their services as pollinators or seed dispersers.

Seven Ways to Conserve Water

1. Only Run Water-Using Appliances When They're Full. ...
2. Fix Drips By Replacing Worn Tap Washers. ...
3. Incorporate Water Conservation Into Your Landscaping. ...
4. Reduce the Amount of Water Used by Toilets. ...
5. Consider a WaterSense Labeled Shower Head. ...
6. Install a Rain Barrel. ...
7. Compost Food Waste Instead of Using Your Garbage Disposal.

Three measures to conserve ecosystem are the following :
(i) Forest should be reserved and more and trees should be planted across the region especially in those areas where deforestation takes place.
(ii) Wildlife must be protected by enacting laws and creating awareness among people.
(iii) Starting various projects to save endangered species of plants and wildlife.

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Contaminants are defined as “substances (i.e. chemical elements and compounds) or groups of substances that are toxic, persistent and liable to bioaccumulate, and other substances or groups of substances which give rise to an equivalent level of concern”. Examples of chemical contaminants include nitrogen, bleach, salts, pesticides, metals, toxins produced by bacteria, and human or animal drugs. Biological contaminants are organisms in water. They are also referred to as microbes or microbiological contaminants.

Economic water scarcity is caused by a lack of investment in infrastructure or technology to draw water from rivers, aquifers or other water sources, or insufficient human capacity to satisfy the demand for water. One-quarter of the world's population is affected by economic water scarcity. Growing population, over-exploitation and unequal distribution of water among social groups are the main causes of water scarcity.

Major Causes Of Water Scarcity

• Climate change.
• Natural calamities such as droughts and floods.
• Increased human consumption.
• Overuse and wastage of water.
• A global rise in freshwater demand.
• Overuse of aquifers and its consequent slow recharge.

1. For administrative and economic reasons, the British government tried settling the jhum or shifting cultivators. However, settled plough cultivation did not prove to be helpful to these jhum cultivators.
2. They often suffered because their fields did not produce good yields. The new forest laws also affected the lives of the shifting cultivators.
3.  Shifting or jhum cultivation is usually done on small patches of forest land. Under the forest laws, the British extended their control over all forests and declared that forests were state property.
4. Thus, the jhum cultivators were prevented from practising jhum cultivation freely. Many were forced to move to other areas in search of work and livelihood.

In mathematics, the additive inverse of a number a is the number that, when added to a, yields zero. ... For a real number, it reverses its sign: the opposite to a positive number is negative, and the opposite to a negative number is positive. Zero is the additive inverse of itself. Loosely speaking, an additive inverse of a field element a is an element b such that a+b=b+a=0. It turns out that only one additive inverse exists for each element. For example, over the rational numbers, the additive inverse of 25 is −25 and the additive inverse of −5 is 5.

The chemical substances which are used to control , remove and kill the weeds are called weedicides.
Weeds are unwanted plants growing among wanted crops and compete with crop plants for sunlight, nutrients, water etc. 
Weedicides are the chemicals which are sprayed over field to get rid of weeds. They will not show any effect on crop plants. Two popularly used weedicides are   2,4-D Ethyl ester, Neem extract, Glyphosate etc.

Jim MacPherson was the leader of the English troop. He was a warm hearted person. Though he was brave, he was not in favour of war. He wanted to settle disputes peacefully. He was kind and loved his wife very much.

Connie MacPherson was the wife of Jim. She loved her husband very much. After her husband left for war, she spent her life in the belief that someday she would meet him again.

Hans Wolf was the captain of German troop. He was from Dusseldorf. Before joining army, he played cello in an orchestra. He was friendly and loved football. He believed that sports were a good way to resolve conflicts. 

Answer:

the cricket wanted some food from the ant.

Explanation:

ants are hardworking but the cricket is lazy.ants gathered food in spring so that they can eat happily un winter but the cricket enjoyed spring and as the result he had no food to eat.

Algebraic expression

An algebraic expression is a mathematical expression that consists of variables, numbers and operations. The value of this expression can change.

For example, 2(3 + 8) is a numeric expression. Algebraic expressions include at least one variable and at least one operation (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division). For example, 2(x + 8y) is an algebraic expression.

Formation of petroleum

It was formed by the decomposition of the remains of tiny plants and animals buried under the sea millions of year ago.It is believed that millions of years ago,the tiny plants and animals which lived in sea,died.Their dead bodies sank to the bottom of sea and were soon covered with mud and sand.Due to high pressure,heat,action of bacteria,and in the absence of air,the dead remains of tiny plants and animals were slowly converted into petroleum.The petroleum thus formed got trapped between two layers of impervious rocks,forming oil deposit.

• Methane is a colorless, odourless and highly flammable gas which is the main component of natural gas.

• Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a colorless and odorless gas, which is produced by the combustion of materials that contain carbon.