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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 2 months ago
Traditional methods
1. It takes more time to get the work done
2. More manual work is required
3. Less expensive
4. Water is wasted
Modern methods
1. It takes less time to get the work done.
2. Less manual work is required
3. More expensive
4. Water is conserved by use of better methods of irrigation
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 2 months ago
Harmful Microorganisms:
Microorganisms can be harmful in many ways. For example – some of the microorganisms cause diseases in human beings, other animals and plants. Such microorganisms which cause diseases are called pathogens.
- Disease causing Microorganisms in Humans:
Pathogens enter our body through the air we breathe, the water we drink or the food we eat. They can also get transmitted by direct contact with an
infected person or carried through an animal. Microbial diseases that can spread from an infected person to a healthy person through air, water, food or physical contact are called communicable diseases. Examples of such diseases include cholera, common cold, chicken pox and tuberculosis.
The communicable diseases can occur and spread in the following ways:
- By breathing of air containing microorganisms.
- By taking infected food and water.
- Through insect bites.
- By sharing infected injection needles.
- By physical contact with an infected person.For example – common cold disease spreads by breathing air containing microorganisms.
Meghna Thapar 5 years, 2 months ago
The beneficial effects of microorganisms in detail:
- Making of Curd and Bread: Lactobacillus bacterium present in milk promotes the formation of curd. It multiplies in milk and converts it into curd. Bacteria are also involved in the making of cheese, pickles and many other food items. Yeast is used in the baking industry for making bread. When yeast is mixed in dough for making bread, the yeast reproduces rapidly and gives out carbon dioxide gas during respiration. The bubbles of the carbon dioxide gas fill the dough and increase its volume. This makes the bread rise and light, soft and spongy.
- Commercial Use Of Microorganisms: Microorganisms are used for a large scale production of alcohol and acetic acid. Yeast is used in making alcohol and wine because it is capable of converting sugar into alcohol. The sugar for making alcohol comes from the substances such as cane juice and fruit juices, or from substances like barley, maize, rice, etc. The process of conversion of sugar into alcohol by the action of yeast is called fermentation. Louis Pasteur discovered the process of fermentation in 1857.
- Medicinal Use of Microorganisms: A medicine which stops the growth of, or kills the disease-causing microorganisms is called an antibiotic. The source of antibiotic medicines are microorganisms. These days a large number of antibiotics are produced from microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. Some of the common antibiotics which are made from fungi and bacteria are Penicillin, Streptomycein, Erythromycein and Tetracycline. Antibiotics kill the disease-causing microorganisms but usually do not damage human body cells. The first antibiotic ‘penicillin’ was discovered by Alexander Fleming by chance in 1929, and was extracted from the tiny fungus called ‘Penicillium’. Antibiotics are used to treat many bacterial diseases in humans but are not effective against the diseases caused by viruses. They can be used to treat many diseases in animals. They are mixed with the feed of live stock and poultry birds to control microbial diseases in animals. Antibiotics are also used to control many plant diseases.
- Vaccine: Microorganisms are used to make vaccines to provide immunity against a particular disease. A vaccine contains the dead or weakened but alive microorganisms of a disease. When the vaccine is introduced into the body of a healthy person orally or by injection, the body of that person responds by producing some substances called antibodies in the blood. The antibodies remain in the blood of the person for a long time and fight against the same microorganisms and kill them if they happen to enter the body naturally or later date. This is how a vaccine works. Thus, a vaccine develops the immunity from a disease. Several diseases can be prevented by vaccination including cholera, polio, tetanus, measles, rabies, diphtheria, tuberculosis, smallpox and hepatitis. Edward Jenner discovered the vaccine for smallpox in 1798.
v. Increasing Soil Fertility: Some of the microorganisms present in the soil can fix nitrogen gas from the atmosphere to form nitrogen compounds. These nitrogen compounds mix with the soil and increase the fertility of the soil. Example – some bacteria and blue-green algae. Such microbes are commonly called as biological nitrogen fixers.
Posted by Gandharv Patil 5 years, 2 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 2 months ago
Computer networks have become invaluable to organizations as well as individuals. Some of its main uses are as follows − Information and Resource Sharing − Computer networks allow organizations having units which are placed apart from each other, to share information in a very effective manner. Sharing devices such as printers saves money. Site (software ) licences are likely to be cheaper than buying several standalone licences. Files can easily be shared between users. Network users can communicate by email and instant messenger . ... Data is easy to backup as all the data is stored on the file server .
Meghna Thapar 5 years, 2 months ago
A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams. A computer network is a group of computers that use a set of common communication protocols over digital interconnections for the purpose of sharing resources located on or provided by the network nodes. They are identified by hostnames and network addresses. The purpose of networking is the exchange of information, advice, and referrals, via the informational interview process, to assist in attaining your goal of changing careers.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 2 months ago
An applied force is an interaction of one object on another that causes the second object to accelerate or change velocity or direction. The force can be a push, pull, or drag. The resulting direction of an object depends on the relative direction of the force on the object. When air is sucked out of a drinking straw, the air pressure inside if decreases and the atmospheric pressure outside forces the liquid to go inside the straw. ... Skis have a large area to reduce the pressure on the snow.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 2 months ago
The most common way of coloring HTML text is by using hexadecimal color codes (Hex code for short). Simply add a style attribute to the text element you want to color – a paragraph in the example below – and use the color property with your Hex code.
Style borderColor Property
- Change the color of the four borders of a <div> element to red: borderColor = "red";
- Change the color of the top and bottom border to green, and left and right border to purple, of a <div> element: borderColor = "green purple";
- Return the border color of a <div> element: borderColor);HTML Tag Attributes are modifiers for the HTML tags and they provide additional information. In most cases they are defined in name="value" pairs and they are always declared in the opening tag.
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As the depth of the sea increases, the pressure increases since pressure increases with depth. The pressure exerted by water deep under the sea is much greater than at the sea level. Hence, the deep sea divers wear special suits which protect them from extreme pressure of water. These suits are called diving suits. These suits contain buoyancy compensators to combat the weight of their diving equipment and the pressure of water at great depths.
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Gaurav Seth 5 years, 2 months ago
Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad: The Manchester of India. Ahmedabad is referred to as the 'Manchester of India' is a major industrial region of India. The city is located on the banks of River Sabarmati and boasts of its marvellous architecture, rich history and authentic culture.
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Gaurav Seth 5 years, 2 months ago
The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution in the world. It is a set of rules by which the government rules our country. It is the supreme law of the land. It came into effect on 26th January 1950. Our Constitution is based on the principles of democracy, socialism and secularism.
Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar is known as ‘The Father of Indian Constitution‘.
Importance:
(i) A Constitution lays out certain ideals that form the basis of the kind of country that we as citizens aspire to live in.
(ii) It tells us about the fundamental nature of our society.
(iii) It helps serve as a set of rules and principles that all persons in a country can agree upon as the basis of the way in which they want the country to be governed.
(iv) This includes the type of government and also an agreement on certain ideals that they all believe the country should uphold.
(v) When Nepal was a monarchy, it reflected the final authority of the king. After transition of Nepal into a democracy, it started the process of writing a new constitution for the country.
(vi) In a democracy, leaders exercise their power responsibly on the behalf of the people. It defines country’s political system.
(vii) In democratic societies, the constitution lays down the rules that guard against the misuse of authority by our political leaders. It lays certain important guidelines that govern decision making processes.
(viii) A Constitution plays an important function in a democracy to ensure that a dominant groups does not use its power against any person, group, organization, etc.
(ix) Constitution prevents tyranny or domination by the majority of a minority.
(x) The Indian Constitution guarantees the right to equality to all citizens and says that no citizen can be discriminated on the basis of religion, caste, gender, race, etc.
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Yogita Bochare 5 years, 2 months ago
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