History (from Greek, historia, meaning "inquiry; knowledge acquired by investigation") is the study of the past.

History is all about learning about our past events. This subject needs a clear understanding of the concepts, as it includes lots of dates that need to be memorized. 

Following are the five functions of the Parliament:

• The members of the Lok Sabha select the executive wing of the Government. The Executive implements the laws which are made by the Parliament.
• The leader of the ruling party which gets the majority in the Lok Sabha elections is chosen as the Prime Minister of the country. He selects the Council of Ministers and the cabinet ministers who look after various departments such as defence, health and education.
• The Rajya Sabha is the Upper House of the Parliament. It represents various states of India in the Parliament as its members are elected by the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the states.
• The Parliament can control and review the work of the Government. The session of the Parliament begins with a ‘Question Hour’, where the members of the Parliament question various policies of the Government. They thus control the executive by asking questions on the implementation of various policies.
• The opposition parties play an important role by questioning various policies of the Government. It draws the attention of the people towards the flaws in government policies.

Land management is the process of managing the use and development (in both urban and rural settings) of land resources. Land resources are used for a variety of purposes which may include organic agriculture, reforestation, water resource management and eco-tourism projects. Land provides an environment for agricultural production, but it also is an essential condition for improved environmental management, including source/sink functions for greenhouse gasses, recycling of nutrients, amelioration and filtering of pollutants, and transmission and purification of water as part of the hydrologic cycle. The objective of sustainable land management (SLM)<a href="http://www.ciesin.org/lw-kmn/slm/slm.html#1">1</a> is to harmonise the complimentary goals of providing environmental, economic, and social opportunities for the benefit of present and future generations, while maintaining and enhancing the quality of the land (soil, water and air) resource (Smyth and Dumanski, 1993). Sustainable land management is the use of land to meet changing human needs (agriculture, forestry, conservation), while ensuring long-term socioeconomic and ecological functions of the land.

All gifts of nature are resources in one way or the other. As we already know that fossil fuels, water, wind, sunlight, forests, animals, minerals, valuable metals and even tides are the gifts of nature that we use as resources. Even humans are resources as they with their innovative technology add utility to the resources. For example, iron cannot be used until and unless it is extracted from its ore.Everything that exist in nature is a resource. While the utility of many resources are known to the humans, there might be many resources whose utility is still not discovered. For example, hydrogen is a gas which can prove to be an important resources in the future with the help of further technological advancement.

The removal of soil by running water, wind and glacier is called social erosion. Topsoil is the uppermost layer of the Earth's surface layers. Top soil is soft and light and can be carried away easily. Water and wind cause the topsoil to be removed. This process of carrying of top soil by wind and water is called as soil erosion.

Resources can be categorized on the basis of origin: Abiotic resources comprise non-living things (e.g., land, water, air and minerals such as gold, iron, copper, silver). Biotic resources are obtained from the biosphere. On the basis of durability resources can be classified into two they are - Exhaustible and Inexhaustible.

Solar energy is a ________ resource.
 renewable energy

Sunlight is considered a renewable energy source because it will not run out in the foreseeable future.

Resources whose quantity is known and which are being used at present are called actual resources. 

Wind energy is an example of a _____________ resource.
Actual Resource

Resources which come from non-living sources are called abiotic resources

Actual Resource: Resources whose quantity is known and which are being used at present are called actual resources, e.g. coal and petroleum.

Biotic Resource: Resources which come from living beings are called biotic resource, e.g. milk, leather, timber, etc.

In Europe, the fruits and leaves of black and white mulberries are only allowed in food supplements (Table 1). Mulberries are commonly sold as:

• Dried fruit, where they are more often sold as food product than as food supplement
• Leaf powder
• Mulberry leaf tea
• Capsules containing mulberry leaf extract or fruit extract (less common)

The bud and stem bark of black mulberries are also allowed in food supplements in the BELFRIT countries (Belgium, France and Italy). Based on the BELFRIT positives list, health authorities in other countries might allow use of these products.

Moreover, different national positive lists include other products:

• Belgium: stem and root bark of both white and black mulberries.
• France: stem and root of white mulberries and root bark of black mulberries.
• Italy: root bark, fruit and leaves of Morus spp., thus including white mulberries.

Mangal Pandey was an Indian soldier under the British who is associated with the Revolt of 1857. His attack on British officers on March 29, 1857, marked the begining of the Revolt. During his service in the Bengal Infantry at Barrackpore, The British had introduced new ‘Enfield Rifle’ in the army. This rifle needed a cartridge which had a greased paper cover. This paper cover had to be bitten off before loading the cartridge into the rifle. The rumors spread that the greased paper was made up of beef and pork. Mangal Pandey urged his fellow soldiers to not use the rifle. On 29 March 1857, he attacked his officers in Barrackpore. He was later hanged. This incident sparked the revolt of 1857. 

The Rule of law states that all laws apply equally to all citizens of the country and no one can be above the law. The law is equal and similar for all, be it a government official, a wealthy person or even the President, none of them are above the law. Hence, the law cannot differentiate between people on the basis of their religion, caste or gender. Nevertheless, any crime or violation of law has to be established after which a specific punishment is given.

Babur

Babur, the first Mughal emperor, was born in present-day Uzbekistan, and became ruler of Kabul in Afghanistan. From there, he invaded the kingdom of the Lodi Afghans in northern India in 1526 and established a dynasty that was to rule for three centuries.

Sidhu Murmu had accumulated about ten thousands Santhal to run parallel government against British rule. The basic purpose was to collect taxes by making his own laws. Soon after the declaration the Santhals took to arms. In many villages the Zamindars, money lenders and their operatives were put to death.

Poverty just increases in the world because the value of the people is decreased and the poverty increase
as there is less medical facilities in poor country in the world and due to this purpose there are increase in the diseases and poor becomes more poorer and rich becomes more rich.

• The tropical rainforests are confined to areas of heavy rainfall. Such areas are in the Western Ghats, upper parts of Assam, Tamil Nadu coast and the island groups of Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar.
• Areas which receive more 200 cm of rainfall and have a short dry season are the best area for tropical rainforest. Almost all kinds of vegetation; like trees, shrubs and creepers; are found in such a forest. The forest has a multilayered structure.
• Ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber and cinchona are some of the commercially important trees of tropical rainforests.
• Elephants, monkey, lemur and deer are the common animals in these forests. Apart from them, a large number of birds, bats, sloth, scorpions and snails are also found in tropical rainforests.