The sources of modern history of India were the literary sources like manuscripts, scrolls, books, important documents,etc. The second would be archaeological soures and monuments and the third would be other soures like printing, reports, radio, broadcaste.

In many regions, tribal groups lived by hunting animals and gathering forest produce. They used many forest shrubs and herbs for medicinal purpose. They sold forest produce in the local markets. Specifying the Context of the tribal livelihood it was emphasized that the Tribals depend for their livelihood on their surrounding natural resources, the main source of livelihood of Tribals is Agriculture, Minor Forest Produce (Sal, Mahua, Amla, Harra, Behera, Char, Imli Tendu leaves, Mehul leave, Honey, forest roots .

The condition of tribal chiefs after the arrival of the British were:

• The tribal chiefs had considerable amount of power before the advent of the British. They had the power to administer and control their territories.
• Some tribal chiefs had their own police. They also managed forests.
• After the arrival of the British, the tribal chiefs lost many of their administrative powers and had to follow the rules which were formulated by the British. They also had to pay taxes to the British.
• Although the tribal chiefs were allowed to keep land titles, they were now unable to fulfil their traditional functions.

1) Surveys became important during the British rule because they believed that the knowledge of a country is necessary to administer that country.

2) Comprehensive surveys were performed to map the whole country in the 19th century.

3) Revenue surveys were done in villages to study the soil quality, landscape, local records, vegetation, wild life and cropping pattern.

4) Census assessments were also held every ten years from the end of the 19th century.

5) They revealed the details of the number of people in all the states of India, their religions, castes and profession.  

The British officials found the settled tribal groups like Gonds and Santhals more civilized than hunter gatherers or shifting cultivators.

Nomadic herding, or nomadic pastoralism, is a practice that entails moving from one place to another with cattle in search of pasture. Pastoralists sell their animals to get products that they don't produce, and they also depend on the animals for food.

• A public prosecutor represents the state in any criminal case. It is because a crime is considered a crime against the entire society.
• After the completion of the enquiry by the police, the public prosecutor begins the prosecution on behalf of the state.
• A public prosecutor has to act impartially while examining facts and witnesses. He/she then has to present his/her arguments based on the evidences before the court.

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FIR stands for First Information Report. The police have to file a FIR whenever a person gives information about a known offence. This information can be given to the police either orally or in writing. A FIR is necessary for the police to begin their investigations into a crime.

The Anglo-Khasi War was part of the independence struggle between the Khasipeople and the British Empire between the years 1829-1833.[1] The war started with Tirot Sing's attack on a British garrison that disobeyed orders of this Khasi king to stop a road construction project through the Khasi Hills. The Khasis were defeated in this war and the British gained supremacy over these hills

James Rennell, (born Dec. 3, 1742, Chudleigh, Devon, Eng. —died March 29, 1830, London), the leading British geographer of his time. Rennell constructed the first nearly accurate map of India and published A Bengal Atlas (1779), a work important for British strategic and administrative interests.

Jhum cultivation, also known as Slash-and-Burn cultivation is a practice of cultivation where a piece of forest land is cleared and cultivated. The clearing is done by burning the trees so that soil is rich in potash and other minerals to sustain the crop. It is practised in the north-eastern and eastern regions of India.

In barter system of trading, money was not involved instead people use to buy and sell with the goods which they had. For example if a vendor is selling a bag of rice to the butcher, the butcher in turn will give equal amount of meat to the vendor.

Likewise the forest people get their supplies of rice and other grains by selling the product prepared and manufactured by them.

Hunters and gatherers are a community of humans in the society who obtain their food by hunting wild animals and by gathering plants and plants products such as nuts, seeds, roots, fruits etc.

Shifting Cultivation is known as Ladang in Indonesia, Caingin in Philippines, Milpa in central America & Mexico, Ray in Vietnam, Taungya In Myanmar , Tamrai in Thailand, Chena in Sri Lanka, Conuco in Venezuela, Roca in Brazil, Masole in central Africa. In India, it is known by various local names. Most common among these is 'Jhum' cultivation.

• In the 19th and the 20th centuries, tribals in many regions of India rose in rebellion. Birsa Munda was a tribal leader and a folk hero who belonged to the Munda tribe, born in the mid-1870’s. He was impressed by the sermons of the missionaries.
• Birsa also spent time under a well-known Vaishnav preacher, and, influenced by his teachings, started giving importance to purity and piety.
• He started a movement to reform the Munda society. He went against the British, the missionaries, moneylenders, traders and Hindu landlords.

India also has approximately 90,000 species of animals, as well as, a rich variety of fish in its fresh and marine waters. Natural vegetation refers to a plant community, which has grown naturally without human aid and has been left undisturbed by humans for a long time. In the same way, even animals differ from each other depending upon their habitat and other natural factors surrounding them. They have basically adapted to their natural environment around them, so they can survive. This is basically what we mean by natural Vegetation and wildlife in India.

Because of the higher amount of pressure and temperature, the dead and decaying matter changed to fossils and they both are used as fuels. Hence, coal and petroleum is termed as fossil fuels. The fossil fuels which we are using 

Conversion between mithilde and her friend when she discovered the diamonds were real

Following are five important results of the revolt of 1857:

1. Queen Victoria issued the Proclamation, referred to as the Government of India Act, 1858, that abolished the English East India Company and India was thenceforth to be governed directly by the British Crown.
2. The new office of the Secretary of State was created in the British Government.
3. The powers of the Governor-General were increased and the post of the Viceroy was created in its stead. The first Viceroy of India was Lord Canning.
4. The Doctrine of Lapse was abolished, rights of adoption were granted and the annexed regions were returned to the Indian rulers.
5. The Queen’s Proclamation announced that treaties with the Indian rulers would be honoured henceforth.

Jatin Sarkar was a bank officer. After retirement he came back to his forefather's house. He requested the tenant to vacate the house. But the tenant did not vacate the house. Tenant challenged that if Jatin Sarkar wanted to have his house vacated, he should move to court for justice. He was compelled to live in a rented house. The owner lodged litigation against the tenant. After fighting the case for five years, the owner won the case. The decision was made in his favour by the Trial Court. But the tenant appealed in the High Court against the lower court decision. It again took five years for justice. In the meantime Jatin Sarkar kept on living in the rented house because unless there was judgement, he had no other option. In such a situation we can definitely say, 'Justice delayed is justice denied'.

The sepoys were angry with British because the photo of Bahadur Shah Zafar was removed from the coin because they thought that they were completely wrong so for this they sometimes takes opposite actions for opposing of it.

Public interest litigation is the use of the law to advance human rights and equality, or raise issues of broad public concern. It helps advance the cause of minority or disadvantaged groups or individuals. Public interest cases may arise from both public and private law matters. PIL is a petition that an individual or a non-government organisation or citizen groups, can file in the court seeking justice in an issue that has a larger public interest. It aims at giving common people an access to the judiciary to obtain legal redress for a greater cause.

After their independence for a democratic nation, Nepal's first constitution reflected in the monarchy of Nepal. But Nepal's citizens had fought for the democracy of Nepal and thus had come together to form the new constitution of Nepal, overlooking the fact of a democratic nation.