We come to know about Pulakeshin II from a prashasti, composed by his court poet Ravikirti present at the Meguti temple, Aihole. According to this prashasti Pulakeshin got the kingdom from his uncle. He led expeditions along both the west and the east coasts. Besides, he checked the advance of Harshvardhana when he tried to cross the Narmada to march into the Deccan. The prashasti also tells us that Pulakeshin attacked the Pallava king, who took shelter behind the walls of Kanchipuram.

Physical changes are changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition. Physical changes are used to separate mixtures into their component compounds, but can not usually be used to separate compounds into chemical elements or simpler compounds. Examples of physical change include changes in the size or shape of matter. Changes of state—for example, from solid to liquid or from liquid to gas—are also physical changes. Some of the processes that cause physical changes include cutting, bending, dissolving, freezing, boiling, and melting.

The 'Middle Ages' are called this because it is the time between the fall of Imperial Rome and the beginning of the Early modern Europe. The Dark Ages are given this name because Europe was in disarray in comparison to the orderliness of classical antiquity and life was short and poor. Features such as migration of people, invasions, population distribution, and deurbanization characterized this period. The medieval ages had three periods, which include the antiquity, the medieval periods, and the modern period, all of which exhibited different characteristics.

Chandragupta Maurya (321-;297 BCE) was the founder of the Mauryan dynasty in India. The empire set up by him was the first and one of the greatest empires of ancient India.

• Oceanic crust is thinner and denser than continental crust.
• Oceanic crust is more mafic, continental crust is more felsic.
• Crust is very thin relative to Earth’s radius.

One such human response is the construction of large dams. ... But ashuman technology expands, people are able to adapt to the constraints once placed by the natural environment. Besides technological adaptation,human culture has increasingly modified the natural environment, shaping it to its needs.

Sher Shah Suri, also known as Sher Khan,  was the Emperor of India from 1539 to 1545. He established the Sur dynasty by dethroning Humayun, the Mughal emperor. His original name was Farid Khan. Sher Shah Suri is known as Sher Khan or The Lion King because he one day killed a Sher or tiger single- handed.

The humans are the most intelligent and developed species of our planet.That's why the human activities affect a lot to the environment.

Examples of these affects are:

1) Pollution is one of the most harmful effect of the human activities.

2) Deforestation is also a major result of the human activities.

3) Depletion of the environmental resources is also a result of these human activities.

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Archaeological sources are basically the material evidence like historical buildings, coins, inscriptions and other remains that gives important and detailed information pertaining to a particular period. 

Out of all the archaeological sources of the period, the coins of the Delhi Sultans have proved to be very useful. The coins help in fixing the chronology of events and correcting or ascertaining the genealogical tables of the rulers. In addition, the coins also help in finding out about the economic conditions of the Delhi Sultanate.

The silver coins of Mahmud of Ghazni have his name inscribed on them. The coins of Iltutmish describe him as a lieutenant of the Khalifa. Fine coins of silver called Tanka were also issued by Balban, while the rulers of the Khilji Dynasty issued many coins with Pompous titles. The coins of the Tuglaq’s were quite superior in design as compared to the Khilji’s. By the time of the Lodis, the coins were mainly in copper.

The Mughal Empire also witnessed the minting of coins under different rulers. Such coins provide general information about the chronology, the economic condition, rulers, etc. The coins during Babur’s reign, however, were largely regarded only for their monetary value. They lacked in the beauty and elegance of his successors, Akbar and Jahangir.

Mughal coins of different rulers depicted the portraits of the rulers, despite the prohibition imposed by Islam on display the images of humans or animals. Both Akbar and Jahangir minted coins with their portraits. Jahangir’s coins had the impression of the queen, Nur Jahan on one side with Jahangir’s image on the other side – Indicating the sharing of power between the emperor and his queen.

The medieval period was divided into 2 periods: the early medieval and the late medieval period. The early medieval period lasted from the 8th century till the 13th century. The late medieval period lasted from the 13th century till the 18th century. It ends with the start of the Mughal empire. Medieval period is an important period in the history of India because of the developments in the field of art and languages, culture and religion. Also the period has witnessed the impact of other religions on the Indian culture. Beginning of Medieval period is marked by the rise of the Rajput clan.

Animals and vegetation vary from place to place due to variations in environment. They adjust to different climatic conditions.Natural pre-conditions determine the presence of different forms of vegetation and animals.

The sultans of Delhi built many mosques (in Arabic called masjid, literally a place where a Muslim prays to Allah) in cities all over the Indian sub-continent. This allowed them to say that they were the protectors of Islam and Muslims, and to unite Muslims from different backgrounds into one large community. Delhi sultans built mosques to create a sense of belief and identity among the Muslims. e. It gave them a common belief, code of conduct to be followed by all Muslims who came from different backgrounds.

The two main principales of democracy are:-

• Political equality
• Freedom

Samanta was a title and position used by the army people of kings in the history of the Indian subcontinent. The institution of Samanta finds mention for the first time in epigraphs of northern India dating to the 6th century. Samantas is the name given to tributary kings or landed chiefs who were granted a piece of land by the King in return for their allegiance to the crown and had to perform mandatory military duties whenever called upon by the King to serve.

Land is component of natural environment(not of human environment) . Religion and community is a component of human environment. In Question asked which is "NOT" a component of Human environment so answer is Option A - Land.

Community refers to the group of people or a society living together in a specific local area or a group of people with similar rights or interests. Community means neighborhood or locality. Common law is a body of unwritten laws based on legal precedents established by the courts. Common law influences the decision-making process in unusual cases where the outcome cannot be determined based on existing statutes or written rules of law.