Sultan is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun sulṭah, meaning "authority" or "power" which retained that meaning to the present). Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty in practical terms (i.e., the lack of dependence on any higher ruler), albeit without claiming the overall caliphate, or to refer to a powerful governor of a province within the caliphate. The adjective form of the word is "sultanic",and the dynasty and lands ruled by a sultan are referred to as a sultanate

The central provinces under the control of the Mughals were Bengal, Bihar, Chittor, Deccan, Delhi, Gujarat, Kabul, Mewar, Marwar, Orissa and Sindh.

‘Internal’ frontiers of the sultanate refer to the ‘hinterland’ of the garrison towns. The ‘external’ frontiers, on the other hand, refer to the areas beyond the hinterland of the garrison towns that included the unconquered territories especially in the southern parts of India

The word “medieval” comes from the Latin words medius and aevum, which means “middle age”. Therefore, when a period is called medieval it means that period which is in the middle of human history. Indian history is divided into three periods, Ancient period, Medieval period and Modern period. The medieval period in India is further divided into the early medieval period (647-1200 CE) and the later medieval period (1200-1700 CE). The medieval period in India saw far-reaching changes in all fields-  political, social,cultural and economic.

Omprakash Valmiki (30 June 1950 – 17 November 2013) was an Indian writer and poetWell known for his autobiography, Joothan, considered a milestone in Dalit literature.He was born at the village of Barla in the Muzzafarnagar district of Uttar Pradesh. After retirement from Government Ordnance Factory he lived in Dehradun where he died of complications arising out of stomach cancer on 17 November 2013Besides Joothan (1997) Valmiki published three collections of poetry: Sadiyon Ka Santaap (1989), Bas! Bahut Ho Chuka (1997), and Ab Aur Nahin (2009). He also wrote two collections of short stories, Salaam (2000), and Ghuspethiye (2004). In addition, he wrote Dalit Sahitya Ka Saundaryshaastra (2001) and a history of the Valmiki community, Safai Devata (2009), Do Chera' (a play).

Infectious disease is caused by certain microorganisms called pathogens and leads to infections. These can be spread from one person to another hence are also called communicable disease. For example cholera, malaria, chickenpox.

Communicable Disease

Infectious disease is caused by certain microorganisms called pathogens and leads to infections. These can be spread from one person to another hence are also called communicable disease. For example cholera, malaria, chickenpox.

GEOGRAPHY

In which part of the world are tropical deciduous forests found?

A N S W E R

Tropical deciduous forests are found in the large part of India, northern Australia and in central America.

Otto von Bismarck

Blood and Iron is the name given to a speech made by Otto von Bismarck given on 30 September 1862, at the time when he was Minister President of Prussia, about the unification of the German territories.

"Iron and Blood"  is part of a speech given to the Prussian Parliament by Otto von Bismarck imploring the Parliament to increase the budget provided for military expenditures

When Balban ascended the throne in A.D. 1266, he had to face a number of difficulties. To overcome these he adopted a very stern policy generally known as the ‘Blood and Iron’ policy. He took out his sword and used it against all the rebels, traitors, thieves etc. It was because of this bold policy that he was able to . maintain, peace and order in the country.

We can find the wind direction using a Wind Vane or Weather Vane or Weather ****. It consists of a flat metallic sheet generally cut into shape of a **** or arrow which is mounted on disk and free to move around a axial shaft and point in the direction of wind . They are typically used as an architectural ornament to the highest point of a building. Alsowe can find the direction of light wind using smoke from incense sticks. The direction of smoke will indicate the wind direction.

• The degree of hotness and coldness of the air is called temperature.
• The temperature of the atmosphere changes not only between day and night but also from season to season, an important factor that influences the distribution of temperature is insolation.
• Insolation is the incoming solar energy intercepted by the earth.
• The amount of insolation decreases from the equator towards the poles.
• Temperature is measured in Celsius and Fahrenheit

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Bharat Me Kitne Rajya Hai 2020 (वर्तमान में भारत में कितने राज्य हैं और उनके नाम बताइए) – भारत अब 28 राज्यों और 9 केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों के साथ एक समृद्ध देश है।

इस देश के हर Rajya में अद्वितीय आकर्षण, अद्वितीय इतिहास और अद्वितीय संस्कृति है, जो इसे बाकी हिस्सों से अलग करती है। भारत के सभी राज्यों का पता लगाने की जरूरत है क्योंकि वे पर्यटन संभावनाओं का विस्तृत स्पेक्ट्रम प्रदान करते हैं।

• 2020 में देश में पूर्ण राज्यों की संख्या 29 से घटकर 28 हो गई है और
• केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों की संख्या 8 हो गई है 2020 में।

Delhi and Ajmer were the two major cities that were under the control of the Chahamanas.

The ocean is one of Earth's most valuable natural resources. It provides food in the form of fish and shellfish—about 200 billion pounds are caught each year. It's used for transportation—both travel and shipping. It provides a treasured source of recreation for humans. Ocean waters serve as a source of food and valuable minerals, as a vast highway for commerce, and provide a place for both recreation and waste disposal. Increasingly, people are turning to the oceans for their food supply either by direct consumption or indirectly by harvesting fish that is then processed for livestock feed. It has been estimated that as much as 10% of human protein intake comes from the oceans. Nevertheless, the food-producing potential of the oceans is only partly realized. Ocean water is processed to extract commercially valuable minerals such as salt, bromine, and magnesium. Although nearly 60 valuable chemical elements have been found dissolved in ocean water, most are in such dilute concentrations that commercial extraction is not profitable. The oceans also are important for recreational use, as each year more people are attracted to the sports of swimming, fishing, scuba diving, boating, and waterskiing.

Rosa Louise McCauley parks was know as Rosa parks was an activist in the civil rights movement best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus Boycott.

Harappa is 4700 years old city in the subcontinent, discovered in 1920. After its discovery cities like Mohenjodaro, Lothal, Dholavira and Kalibangan have also been discovered and are known as the Harappan cities as were discovered after Harappa.
 
All these cities were discovered around river Indus and hence prove the existence of the Indus Valley Civilization.
 

Corruption and Inefficiency: In many democratic countries, the political leaders, officers, tend to be corrupt, dishonest and inefficient. They ask for the bribe. This results in lack of trust of the citizens. This affects the working of democracy in the country very badly.

Role of Anti-Social Elements: The role of anti-social elements arises during the elections. A lot of people are forced or bribed to vote for a particular candidate or party. Rigging also takes place during elections.

Growing Economic and Social Inequalities Among People: There is a lot of socioeconomic inequalities amongst the people. Although all the citizens have the right to vote and fight elections only rich people have a chance to win the election.