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Kritika Trehan 8 years ago
Hampi, also referred to as the Group of Monuments at Hampi, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in east-central Karnataka, India. It became the centre of the Hindu Vijayanagara Empire capital in the 14th-century. Chronicles left by Persian and European travellers, particularly the Portuguese, state Hampi as a prosperous, wealthy and grand city near the Tungabhadra River, with numerous temples, farms and trading markets. By 1500 CE, Hampi-Vijayanagara was the world's second-largest medieval-era city after Beijing, and probably India's richest at that time, attracting traders from Persia and Portugal.[3][4] The Vijayanagara Empire was defeated by a coalition of Muslim sultanates; its capital was conquered, pillaged and destroyed by sultanate armies in 1565, after which Hampi remained in ruins.
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Kritika Trehan 8 years ago
Tropical deciduous forest dominates in most part of India.They can be classified into two divisions, namely the moist deciduous forests and the dry deciduous forests.The trees in these forests have quite large and broad leaves and they shed all their leaves for about six to eight weeks in summer.
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Kritika Trehan 8 years ago
| Describes the average conditions expected at a specific place at a given time.A region's climate is generated by the climate system, which has five components: atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, land surface, and biosphere | Describes the atmospheric conditions at a specific place at a specific point in time. Weather generally refers to day-to-day temperature and precipitation activity |
| Climate may include precipitation, temperature, humidity, sunshine, wind velocity, phenomena such as fog, frost, and hail storms over a long period of time. | Weather includes sunshine, rain, cloud cover, winds, hail, snow, sleet, freezing rain, flooding, blizzards, ice storms, thunderstorms, steady rains from a cold front or warm front, excessive heat, heat waves and more |
| By aggregates of weather statistics over periods of 30 years | By collecting meteorological data, like air temperature, pressure, humidity, solar radiation, wind speeds and direction etc. |
| Aggregating weather statistics over periods of 30 years ("climate normals"). | Real-time measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind speed and direction, humidity, precipitation, cloud cover, and other variables |
| Climate is defined as statistical weather information that describes the variation of weather at a given place for a specified interval. | Weather is the day-to-day state of the atmosphere, and its short-term (minutes to weeks) variation |
| Measured over a long period | Measured for short term |
| Climatology | Meteorology |
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Kritika Trehan 8 years ago
- Their essential belief was in the need to unite with God.
- They laid stress on love or devotion as the basis of the relationship with God.
- To achieve all this a Guru or a Pir was needed.
- The Bhakti saints attacked the rigidity in religion and the objects of worship.
- They stressed the need for tolerance among humans and religions.
THE BHAKTI MOVEMENT
- The development of Bhakti movement took place in Tamil Nadu between the seventh and twelfth centuries.
- It was reflected in the emotional poems of the Nayanars (devotees of Shiva) and Alvars (devotees of Vishnu).
- These saints looked upon religion not as a cold formal worship but as a loving bond based upon love between the worshipped and worshipper.
- They wrote in local languages, Tamil and Telugu and were therefore able to reach out to many people. The Bhakti saints did their entire teaching in the local vernacular language to make it comprehensible even to simple minds.
- In course of time, the ideas of the South moved up to the North but it was a very slow process. Sanskrit, which was still the vehicle of thought, was given a new form.
- Thus we find that the Bhagavata Purana of ninth century was not written in the old Puranic form. Centered around Krishna’s childhood and youth, this work uses Krishna’s exploits to explain deep philosophy in simple terms. This work became a turning point in the history of the Vaishnavite movement which was an important component of the Bhakti movement.
- A more effective method for spreading of the Bhakti ideology was the use of local languages. The Bhakti saints composed their verses in local languages. They also translated Sanskrit works to make them understandable to a wider audience. Thus we find Jnanadeva writing in Marathi, Kabir, Surdas and Tulsidas in Hindi, Shankaradeva popularising Assamese, Chaitanya and Chandidas spreading their message in Bengali, Mirabai in Hindi and Rajasthani. In addition, devotional poetry was composed in Kashmiri, Telugu, Kannad, Oriya, Malayalam, Maithili and Gujarati.
- The first important feature of bhakti movement was the concept of oneness of God and brotherhood of all human beings. It did not discriminate against anyone on the basis of caste or gender.
- Its second important feature was surrender into God, who is all pervasive and capable of solving the problems of the devotees.
- The third important feature of bhakti was an intense personal devotion to God with an emphasis on a good moral life. It was felt that chanting the name of God constantly purified the soul and prepared one for His grace. A true devotee does not want heaven or moksha. He only wants to chant the Lord’s name and be born again and again to sing His praise.
Posted by Kartik Raikwar 8 years ago
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Kritika Trehan 8 years ago
A revolution (from the Latin revolutio, "a turn around") is a fundamental change in political power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively short period of time when the population rises up in revolt against the current authorities. Aristotle described two types of political revolution:
Complete change from one constitution to another
Modification of an existing constitution.
Revolutions have occurred through human history and vary widely in terms of methods, duration, and motivating ideology. Their results include major changes in culture, economy, and socio-political institutions.
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Aryan Gupta 8 years ago
2Thank You