The process of obtaining food and utilizing it to grow, stay healthy and repair any damaged body part is known as nutrition. Plants produce their food by taking raw materials from their surroundings, such as minerals, carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. There are two modes of nutrition:

• Autotrophic – Plants exhibit autotrophic nutrition and are called as a primary producer. Plants synthesis their food by using light, carbon dioxide, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.
• Heterotrophic – Both animals and human beings are called heterotrophs, as they depend on plants for their food.

​Silk/Wool is a mixture of silk and wool blended woven. Silk/Wool is a sturdy, medium-weight fabric with satiny sheen on one side. It can be used for bridal/wedding, lingerie, high-end sportswear, and home decor. It is incredibly durable. It is a very crisp fabric that holds its shape when draped.

Lemon juice contains citric acid so blue litmus paper declining in lemon juice will turn red indicates that it is acidic . Blue litmus paper become red in acidic solutions ( lemon juice contain citric acid ) .

Turmeric: Turmeric is also used as natural indicator. Turmeric is of yellow colour. Turmeric paper turns into red when it is dipped into basic solution. Turmeric paper does not change its colour with acid.

Organisms need to take food because organisms need energy to perform any activity or function and they get energy from food because organisms need carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals and other nutrients to gain energy and proteins to live and to continue metabolism.

When the sun shines onto a solar panel, photons from the sunlight are absorbed by the cells in the panel, which creates an electric field across the layers and causes electricity to flow. The second technology is concentrating solar power, or CSP.

A simple pendulum consists of a metal bob hung by a string connected to a pivot point. The bob oscillates in to and fro motion because of its mass and momentum. The number of oscillation the pendulum completed in one second is its frequency and the time required for one complete oscillation is called the time period.

Farmers grow fruits and vegetables crops inside large green house because it protects it from high blowing wind, and rodents also green house protects the plant from the climatic conditions of outside and it can have its own suitable temperature for the growth of plants.

Farmers get advantages of the following things:

(i) They have control over their climatic conditions (Temperature, humidity etc.)

(ii)  Free from pests, rodents and also from birds and animals so they have increased producibility.

Some types of octopus, squid, and crustaceans have blue blood. Their blood contains a high concentration of copper. When copper mixes with oxygen, it gives their blood its blue color.

The functions of guard cells in stomata are as follows-

1. They open and close the stomatal pore .They swell when water flows into them ,causing the stomatal pore to open .Similarly the pore closes if the guard cells shrink.
2. They protect the stomatal pore.
3. They help to regulate transpiration. (In desert plants the stomata mostly remains closed in daytime when they have obtained the required CO₂).

Rhizobium is the bacteria that live in symbiotic association with the root nodules of the leguminous plants. Fixation of nitrogen cannot be done independently. That is why rhizobium requires a plant host. Rhizobium is a vital source of nitrogen to agricultural soils including those in arid regions. They convert dinitrogen into ammonia. Ammonia, being toxic in nature. is rapidly absorbed into organic compounds.

Although mushrooms grow from the ground, they are not plants! Instead, mushrooms are a part of a completely different kingdom called fungi. Other examples of fungi are yeasts and molds. Fungi can be unicellular or multicellular, use spores to reproduce, are made of a mass (mycelium) of filaments called hyphae, contain chitin in their cell walls, and are heterotrophic. 

The fact that fungi are heterotrophs is the point of interest in answering this question. Unlike producers that make their own food (such as plants), heterotrophs are consumers and must eat other things in order to survive. However, fungi are not like animals. They do not have digestive organs. Instead, fungi digest organisms outside of themselves. This is done by releasing digestive enzymes externally. These enzymes break down organic compounds in the ground. Once the organic material is decomposed, the fungi can absorb it using its hyphae.

The new fungi grow from its spores. The fungal spores keep floating in the air. The spore is covered with a hard covering which protects it form unfavourable conditions. Under favourable conditions, a spore germinates and grows. Rainy season provides favourable conditions such as hot and humid climate for the germination of fungal spores. Thus, we find fungi growing on pickles, leather, clothes and other articles that are left in hot and humid weather for long time.

Although nitrogen is present in abundance in atmosphere, but plant cannot absorb atmospheric nitrogen. Plant gets nitrogen from soil. Certain types of bacteria called rhizobium, are present in soil. They convert gaseous nitrogen into usable form and release it into the soil. Plants absorb these soluble forms of nitrogen along with water and other minerals through roots.

The wool which is used for knitting sweaters and weaving shawls involves following steps:

1. Shearing: The process of removing hair from the body of a sheep in the form of fleece is called shearing. Usually the hairs are removed during the hot weather which enables sheep to survive without their protective coat of hair. The hair provides woolen fibres and than are processed to obtain woolen yarn. Shearing does not hurt the sheep as the upper most layer of skin is dead.
2. Scouring: The process of washing the fleece that removes dust, dirt, dried sweat and grease is called scouring. This process makes the fleece of sheep clean. The scoured fleece is then dried.
3. Sorting:  The process of separating the fleece of a sheep into sections according to the quality of woolen fibres is called sorting.  The hairy skin is sent to a factory where hair of different textures is sorted. The same quality wool obtained from the fleece of large number of sheep is than mixed together.
4. Dyeing: The hair of sheep is white, brown, or black in color. The white woolen fibres obtained by sorting can be dyed in different colors.
5. Combing: This is a process of preparing woolen fibres for spinning the yarn. It is done by using combs having metal teeth.
6. Spinning: The long woolen fibres are spun into thick yarn called wool.

Microorganisms are so small that they can only be seen under a microscope. These include a huge range of organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, protozoa, etc. These microbes can be beneficial as well as harmful in many ways.

Parasite:

1. The organism, which depends upon other organism for its nourishment and growth, is known as parasite.

2. It has intracellular digestion.

3. It causes harm to the organism.

Saprophyte:

1. The organism, which grows on dead and decaying material for its growth, is known as saprophyte.

2. It shows extracellular digestion.

3. It does not depend on living host.

Mode of Nutrition in Plants:

Plants are the only organisms that prepare food for themselves by using water, carbon-dioxide and minerals and raw materials are present in their surroundings. On the basis of their mode of nutrition the organisms are divided into two groups:

1. Autotrophs: Those organisms which can make food themselves from simple substances like carbon dioxide and water by the process of photosynthesis are called autotrophs. All green plants are autotrophs.

2. Parasites: The plant which lives on or inside another organism and derives the food from it is called as parasite. These plants produce certain special type of roots called as sucking roots which penetrate into the host plant for e.g. Cuscuta plant.

3. Insectivorous Plants: Those green plants which obtain their food partly from insects are called insectivorous plants. These plants have specialized leaves to catch the insects. They are also called as carnivorous plants. For e.g. Pitcher plant, Sundew plant, venus fly-trap plant etc.
4. Saprotrophs: Those non-green plants which obtain food from dead or decaying organic matter are called saprotrophs. The saprophytic plants secrete digestive juices on the dead and decaying organic matter and convert it into a solution. They absorb the nutrients from this solution. For e.g. fungi such as mushrooms, bread mould and yeast.

Mulberry silk is the highest quality silk available for purchase. The unique thing about Mulberry silk is how it is produced. The resulting cocoons are spun into raw silk fibers. Because the silkworms of the Bombyx mori moth are fed only Mulberry leaves, the resulting silk is some of the finest available in the world.

Mulberry silk is the highest quality silk available for purchase. The unique thing about Mulberry silk is how it is produced. The resulting cocoons are spun into raw silk fibers. Because the silkworms of the Bombyx mori moth are fed only Mulberry leaves, the resulting silk is some of the finest available in the world.

Life history of silk moth:

The rearing of silk worms for obtaining silk is called sericulture. The female silk moth lays hundreds of eggs on the mulberry leaves. The larvae that hatch out of the eggs are called silk worms or caterpillars. The caterpillars feed on mulberry leaves vigorously. When the silkworms are ready to enter the next stage of its development called pupa it stops feeding and its salivary glands secretes a fibre around the pupa to hold itself. The fibre is made up of protein called fibroin which hardens on exposure to air.

Then it swings its head from side to side in the form of figure of eight forming a cover around pupa. This covering is known as cocoon. The further development of the pupa into moth continues inside the cocoon. The most common silk moth is the mulberry silk moth.

• We use different kinds of fabrics for making a variety of clothes.
• A fabric is produced by weaving or knitting long, twisted threads called yarn made from fibres.
• Cotton fabrics are usually worn during the summer season while woollen clothes are worn during the winter season.
• There are two types of fibres – natural fibres and synthetic fibres.
• Cotton is the most widely used natural fibre.
• Fabrics are made from yarn by two main processes – weaving and knitting.
• Fabrics were not available in ancient times so people used the bark of trees, big leaves of trees, animal skins and furs, to cover themselves.

There are two types of stem cells, embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Adult (or somatic) stem cells are present throughout the human body. They exist in order to repair and maintain surrounding specialised tissues.