The Chemical substances and essential materials found in our food are called Nutrients. It has the unique functions in our body. A single food does not supply all the nutrients. A person should eat different types of food to get Nutrients. The five vital food nutrients required by our body are Carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins.

The process of straightening wool is called. Spinning. After the dyeing process, the fibers are straightened, rolled and combed into yarns. Wool made from fibers are further used for making sweaters, woolen clothes, etc.

A patron is defined as an influential, wealthy individual who supports another person like an artist, craftsperson, learned man or noble.

Some plants eat insects. Such plants are called insectivorous plants. They trap and digest the insects. Pitcher plant is the example of an insectivorous plant.

Lohi and nali are the breed of sheep. The Lohi sheep is found in southern Punjab in Pakistan and Rajasthan and Haryana in India. It is used for its carpet quality wool and meat production. The body is white and the head is usually tan, black or brown. The Nali sheep breed is well adapted to the arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan and Haryana. It is also found in large numbers in Uttar Pradesh. It derives its name from the route of the river Ghaggar flowing through Ganganagar and Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan.

Nutrition can be defined as a process by which organisms take in the food and utilize it in order to survive. Based on the mode of nutrition organisms can be divided into two categories:

• Autotrophic Organisms - They can prepare their food by themselves such as plants

• Heterotrophic Organisms - They depend upon other organisms for their food such as animals

The various steps for processing fibres into wool are as follows:

• Shearing: The tleece of the sheep along with a thin layer of skin is removed from its body.
• Scouring: The sheared skin with hair is thoroughly washed in tanks to remove grease, dust and dirt.
• Sorting: The hairy skin is sent to a factory where hair of different textures are separated or sorted.
• The small fluffy fibres, called burrs, are picked out from the hair.
• The fibres can be dyed in various colours, as the natural fleece of sheep and goats is black, brown or white.
• The fibres are straightened, combed and rolled into yarn.

Glucose is a simple sugar which can be readily absorbed by the body. Unlike other foods such as carbohydrates, glucose does not have to be processed by the digestive system for energy. It is directly absorbed into the bloodstream and all cells. Once inside, glucose undergoes oxidation, which results in the release of ATP, a high-energy molecule that provides energy for the cell.

Utilization is the action of using something, i.e., making practical and effective use of it. Put simply; the term refers to the use of something or the process of using it effectively. We can also use the term for a fraction of the available time that a system is operating.

The small intestine is about 20 feet (6 meters) long and has three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum is where most chemical digestion takes place. Here, bile from the gallbladder and enzymes from the pancreas and intestinal walls combine with the chyme to begin the final part of digestion.

The organisms which exhibit saprotrophic mode of nutrition are called as saprotrophs. Saprotrophs obtain their nutrition from dead and decaying organic matter. Saprotrophs secrete digestive juices onto dead and decaying matter to dissolve it and then absorb nutrients from it. Fungi are saprotrophs. Rhizopus, asperigillus, mushrooms are some of the examples of saprotrophs. These are organisms grow and depend on dead and decaying matter.

The process by which plants make their own food in the presence of sunlight, carbon-dioxide present in air, water, minerals and chlorophyll present in leaves is termed as photosynthesis.

• Plants take up carbon-dioxide from the atmosphere through the tiny pores known as stomata present on thesurface of the leaves and surrounded by ‘guard cells’.
• The process of photosynthesis releases oxygen in the atmosphere during the synthesis of food.
• Plants absorb the water and minerals from the soil with the help of deep penetrated roots inside the soil and transport them to the leaves of the plants where synthesis of food takes place.
• The green pigment present in leaves known as chlorophyll helps the leaves of plant to capture the sunlight that act as the source of energy to carry out the process.
• After this the chlorophyll holding the cells of leaves in the presence of sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce carbohydrates in the leaves and is stored in the plants in the form of energy.

The unicellular Amoeba engulfs tiny particles of food by throwing its false feet, known as pseudopodia around it. The pseudopodia join together to form a small cavity known as a food vacuole.

Amoeba: The unicellular Amoeba engulfs tiny particles of food by throwing its false feet, known as pseudopodia around it. The pseudopodia join together to form a small cavity known as a food vacuole. The food inside the vacuole is digested by digestive juices. It is absorbed and assimilated there to provide energy and perform other functions.

 The natural elements, such as mountains, rivers, vegetation, animals etc. are created by nature. This is called natural environment. It includes the biotic and abiotic components. The human-made elements, such as agriculture, industries, settlements, means of transportation etc. are created by human beings. Therefore, it is called human-made environment. Human being develop features to live comfortably in their environment.

The natural component of the atmosphere comprises of air, water, land and living things. The natural environment refers to both biotic and abiotic conditions. The biotic conditions consist of the world of living organisms e.g. plants and animals. The abiotic conditions consist of the world of non–living elements like land.
The human made component of the environment are the creations by human beings which include bridges, roads, dams, parks and monument etc.

The layers below have no collective name but are distinct in that they are noticeably less affected by surface soil-forming processes. The C horizon is below the B horizon. ... The C horizon forms as bedrock weathers and rock breaks up into particles, or it accumulates as sediment

Stomata are microscopic pores found mostly on the underside of leaves. They are located in the epidermal tissue. Each stoma is surrounded by a pair of specialized, kidney shaped cells called guard cells, which possess chlorophyll and regulate the opening and closing of stomata. The primary function of stomata is to allow gaseous exchange during photosynthesis and respiration between the plant's internal tissues and the atmosphere. The process of transpiration also takes place through stomata.

1) The tongue helps in mixing saliva with food during chewing (which is essential for the digestion of food).
2) The tongue helps in swallowing the food into the food pipe.
3) The tongue helps in getting the taste of food.
4) The tongue is essential for talking (or speaking).

There are four different tooth types in the mouth.

• The incisors at the front of the mouth have a sharp biting surface and are used for cutting or shearing food into small chewable pieces. There are eight incisors in both primary (baby) and permanent sets of teeth (dentitions).
• The canines are situated at the 'corners' of the dental arches. They have a sharp, pointed biting surface. Their function is to grip and tear food. There are four canine teeth in both primary and permanent dentitions.
• The premolars, unlike the incisors and canines, have a flat biting surface. Their function is to tear and crush food. They are unique to the permanent dentition which has eight premolars.
• The molars are the largest of the teeth. They have a large flat biting surface. The function of the molars is to chew, crush and grind food. There are eight molars in the primary dentition and twelve in the permanent dentition.
   

Digestion of the starch starts in the mouth where Salivary amylase breaks starch into maltose; a smaller carbohydrate. Our teeth break food into smaller particle. Here tongue helps in mixing the food particles with saliva. The gall bladder is a small pouch-like organ beneath the liver.

Some plants eat insects. Such plants are called insectivorous plants. They trap and digest the insects. Pitcher plant is the example of an insectivorous plant. In pitcher plant the leaf is modified to form a pitcher like structure. The bright colour of the pitcher makes it very attractive to insects. Inside the pitcher; there are several hair-like structures. These hairs direct the trapped insects downwards. When an insect sits on the pitcher of the plant, the lid closes and the insect gets trapped inside the pitcher. The insect is then digested by the enzymes secreted by the cells of the plants.