Bead the passage given below and …

Bead the passage given below and answer the questions that follow During starvation a person is able to survive for a considerable stretch of time Despite the obvious stress, the body is able to cope because of an internal physiological process of "self-cannibalisation" through which the body makes use of its inessential and damaged cellular components by breaking them down and reassembling them into useful proteina and the nutrients needed to sustain its essential functions This is called autophagy, which literally means "self-devouring in ancient Greek (auto meaning self, and phagein meaning to eat). It is a process that has been evolutionarily conserved and is intrinsic to all organisms, from unicellular yeast to multicellular mammalian systems like humans. In fact, without autophagy our cells could not survive. It is an essential part of the body's self-renewal process. As the scientist Juleen Zierath, a member of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine, pointed out in a post-announcement interview, every day 200-300 grams of proteins need to be replaced in the human body, but, on average, the intake is only about 70 g of proteins, which is insufficient to take care of the requirement to make new proteins. "Because of this machinery. we are able to rely on some of our own proteins so that we can sustain and we survive," she said. Thus, autophagy maintains normal functioning "homeostasis" (the tendency of a biological system to actively maintain the fairly stable internal equilibrium conditions necessary for survival despite changing external conditions) by protein degradation and the recycling of destroyed components from the cytoplasm of cella (the part exterior to the cell nucleus) for new cell formation. This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to the 71-year-old Japanese biologist Yoshinori Ohsumi of the Tokyo Institute of Technology for unravelling in the 1990s the underlying molecular mechanism of autophagy. He was the first to visually observe the process. The concept of autophagy was known in the 1960s itself. In fact, the phrase was coined in 1963 by the Belgian scientist Christian de Duve, who was awarded the 1974 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his discovery in the 1950s of what is called lysosome. However, the mechanism and physiological relevance remained poorly understood until Ohsumi appeared on the scene. His work dramatically transformed the understanding of this important physiological process. (a) On the basis of your reading of the passage make notes on it using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (whenever necessary-minimum 4). Give a suitable heading to it. (b) Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words using your notes

Describe the arrival of the gold Finch to the laburnum tree?

Why did the grandmother hate music

The theme of the story we are not afraid to die brings out the important of having confidence and making optimum use of our potential elaborating an occurrence from the text to inspire the audience to challenge hurdles of life

Why is the first meeting described by author in vain ? From the address

It takes 64 muscles to frown and 13 to smile. So, why overwork yourself by frowning. So said report by some US psychiatrists, and that set me on my nerve racking mission of spotting smiling faces among the sea of humanity. I had not noticed till then how is our national need to smile dispelling all gloom. make note and summarize it.

Why couldn't the narrator reconcile the fact that his grandmother was once young and pretty? The portrait of a lady class 11

Bbc class 11 module 2 ca9

Read the following passage given below and answer the questions the follow: The Great wall of China was built to link existing fortifications into a united defense system and better keep invading Mongol tribes out of china. It is the largest man-made monument ever to have been built and it is said that it is the only one visible from space. Many thousands of people must have given their lives to build this huge construction. The great wall of china is a series of towers made of stone, brick, earth, wood and other materials, generally built along an east-to- west line across the historical northern borders of china to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe. Several walls were being built as carly as the 7th century BCE, these later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are now collectively referred to as the Great wall Especially famous is the wall built (220-206 BCE) by Qin shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Little of that wall remains. Since then, the great wall has on and off been rebuilt, maintained and enhanced, the majority of the existing wall is from the ming dynasty (1368-1644) other purposes of the Great wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the silk road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration. Furthermore, the defensive characteristics of the Great Wall were enhanced by the construction of watch towers, troop barracks, gharrison stations, signaling capabilities through the means of smoke or fire and the fact that the path of the Great wall also served as a transportation corridor. The Great wall stretches from Dandong in the cast to Lop Lake in the west, along an are that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km. This is made up of 6,259 km sections of actual wall, 359 km of trenches and 2,232 km of natural defensiove barriers such as hills and rivers. Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measures out to be 21,196km. King Zheng of Qin conquered the last of his opponents and unified china as the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty Qin shi Huang in 221 BCE. Intending to impose centralized rule and prevent the resurgence of feudal lords, he ordered the destruction of some sections of the walls, however, he ordered building of new walls to connect the remaining fortifications along the empire's northern frontier. Transporting the large quantity of materials required for construction was difficult, so builders always tried to use local resources. Stones from the mountains were used over mountain ranges, while earth was used for construction in the plains. The Great wall concept was revived under the Ming dynasty in the 14th century, to gain a clear upper Hand over the Mongolian tribes. 1.1 On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (Wherever necessary, minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. 1.2 Write a summary of the passage in about 50 words.

He had no premonition that this night call would prove unusual, still less that it would influence his whole future in blainelly".what was the unusual event for him ?

theme of the story we are not afraid to die brings out the important of having confidence and making optimum use of our potential elaborating an occurrence from the text to inspire the audience to challenge hurdles of life