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We have been brought up to …

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We have been brought up to fear insects. We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good. Man continually wages war on them, for they contaminate his food, carry diseases or devour his crops. They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat against our lighted windows. We live in dread, not only of only unpleasant insects like Spiders or Wasps, but of quiet harmless ones like moths. Reading about them increases our understanding without dispelling our fears. Knowing that industrious ant lives in a highly organised society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch. 2. No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung. Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are difficult to erase. At the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinating, we enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like the praying mantis. The lead perfectly horrible lives. We enjoy staring at them, entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) of our presence. Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle? 3. Last summer, I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prized peach tree. The tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house. I am especially proud of it, not only because it has survived several severe winters, but because it occasionally produces lushes peaches. During the summer I noticed that leaves of the tree were beginning to wither. Clusters of tiny insects called aphis were to be found on the underside of the leaves. They were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them. I immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though it failed to get rid of ants, kept me fascinated for 24 hours. I bound the base of the tree with a sticky tape, making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphis. The tape was so sticky that they did not dare to cross it. For a long time, I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment. I even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction and surprise that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do anything about it. I got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair. Instead, I saw that they had discovered a new route. They were climbing up the wall of the house and then on to the leaves of the tree. I realized sadly that I had been completely defeated by their ingenuity. The ants had been quick to find an answer to my thoroughly unscientific methods. Choose the correct answer from choices given Man wages against insects because (i) They contaminate food. (ii) Carry diseases. (iii) Spoil his crops (iv) All of the above The author bound the base of the tree with a sticky tape because (i) He wanted to get rid of the ants (ii) He wanted to get rid of aphis (iii) He wanted to get rid of the ants and the aphis (iv) None of the above Answer the following questions. What is our attitude towards insects? Why does the writer say that knowing insect as does not help man to change his attitude to insects? Do you think that attitude of man towards insect as described, is right? Why, why not? Why does man try to exterminate insects? What do you think writer wanted to prove by the experiment he conducted on ants? Select words from the above passage which conveyed the meaning similar to the following. Drive away (Para 1) Sudden attack (Para 2) Cleverness (Para 3)
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Read the following passage given below and answer the questions the follow: The Great wall of China was built to link existing fortifications into a united defense system and better keep invading Mongol tribes out of china. It is the largest man-made monument ever to have been built and it is said that it is the only one visible from space. Many thousands of people must have given their lives to build this huge construction. The great wall of china is a series of towers made of stone, brick, earth, wood and other materials, generally built along an east-to- west line across the historical northern borders of china to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe. Several walls were being built as carly as the 7th century BCE, these later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are now collectively referred to as the Great wall Especially famous is the wall built (220-206 BCE) by Qin shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Little of that wall remains. Since then, the great wall has on and off been rebuilt, maintained and enhanced, the majority of the existing wall is from the ming dynasty (1368-1644) other purposes of the Great wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the silk road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration. Furthermore, the defensive characteristics of the Great Wall were enhanced by the construction of watch towers, troop barracks, gharrison stations, signaling capabilities through the means of smoke or fire and the fact that the path of the Great wall also served as a transportation corridor. The Great wall stretches from Dandong in the cast to Lop Lake in the west, along an are that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km. This is made up of 6,259 km sections of actual wall, 359 km of trenches and 2,232 km of natural defensiove barriers such as hills and rivers. Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measures out to be 21,196km. King Zheng of Qin conquered the last of his opponents and unified china as the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty Qin shi Huang in 221 BCE. Intending to impose centralized rule and prevent the resurgence of feudal lords, he ordered the destruction of some sections of the walls, however, he ordered building of new walls to connect the remaining fortifications along the empire's northern frontier. Transporting the large quantity of materials required for construction was difficult, so builders always tried to use local resources. Stones from the mountains were used over mountain ranges, while earth was used for construction in the plains. The Great wall concept was revived under the Ming dynasty in the 14th century, to gain a clear upper Hand over the Mongolian tribes. 1.1 On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (Wherever necessary, minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. 1.2 Write a summary of the passage in about 50 words.
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