Chocolates make the best gifts and …

Chocolates make the best gifts and there is a whole industry that is churning out these goodies exclusively for you. But where did chocolate originate from? We'll give you the answers. The botanical name of the cocoa tree, from which chocolate is made, is Theobroma Cacao. The first word in Greek for 'food of the Gods'. Depending on whom you believe, this seductive, substance is an effective mood lifter and good for the heart or the healer of spots, migraine, obesity and stressed-out nerves. Now, we learn that chocolate has been around for a lot longer than it was previously thought. Traces of it have .been found in pots discovered in Mayan graves in Mexico, some of which date back to 600 BC, which pushes back the earliest chemical evidence of chocolate by more than 1000 years. Chocolate is made from the seeds or 'beans' of the cocoa tree-the leathery cocoa pod contains upto 100 beans. Aztecs in Mexico and Mayans in Belize worshipped the tree and used its beans as a form of currency. They also hit upon the idea of crushing the beans, boiling them in water, then adding spices and drinking the resulting hot, frothy liquid. In the 16th century, Spaniards who landed in Mexico wrote of how the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma drank chocolate 'from pure gold cups with great reverence.' Gradually, chocolate became a part of European life. Rich aristocrats and the privileged elite adopted the habit of drinking it during the day. Chocolate drink gained in popularity when sugar was added to it and coffee houses began to serve it. Cocoa plantations sprang up all over the world to meet the growing demand and as the export of Cocoa beans increased, chocolate became more easily available to the ordinary people in Europe. The first attempt at making solid chocolate came in the early 1800s, when the cocoa beans were ground into a powder, heated, sweetened and pressed into a mould. The resulting product resembled the chocolate truffles we eat today but had a short shelf life. (1/6) It was a Dutch chemist and food scientist, Coenrad Van Houten, who in 1825 perfected the extraction of cocoa butter from beans, which enabled the production of solid bars we would recognise as chocolate today. In the 1880s, Rodolphe Lindt of Switzerland started adding extra cocoa to make a product that melted at 36°C. Around the same time Daniel Peter, a Swiss candy-maker, added condensed milk developed by Henri Nestle to chocolate, making a sweeter and smoother variety of what is now one of the world's favourite foods. a) On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, make notes on it using (minimum 4) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (5)headings and sub-headings. Use recognisable abbreviations wherever necessary b) Write a summary of the above passage in about 80 words.

He had no premonition that this night call would prove unusual, still less that it would influence his whole future in blainelly".what was the unusual event for him ?

Why couldn't the narrator reconcile the fact that his grandmother was once young and pretty? The portrait of a lady class 11

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Describe the arrival of the gold Finch to the laburnum tree?

theme of the story we are not afraid to die brings out the important of having confidence and making optimum use of our potential elaborating an occurrence from the text to inspire the audience to challenge hurdles of life

It takes 64 muscles to frown and 13 to smile. So, why overwork yourself by frowning. So said report by some US psychiatrists, and that set me on my nerve racking mission of spotting smiling faces among the sea of humanity. I had not noticed till then how is our national need to smile dispelling all gloom. make note and summarize it.

Read the following passage given below and answer the questions the follow: The Great wall of China was built to link existing fortifications into a united defense system and better keep invading Mongol tribes out of china. It is the largest man-made monument ever to have been built and it is said that it is the only one visible from space. Many thousands of people must have given their lives to build this huge construction. The great wall of china is a series of towers made of stone, brick, earth, wood and other materials, generally built along an east-to- west line across the historical northern borders of china to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe. Several walls were being built as carly as the 7th century BCE, these later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are now collectively referred to as the Great wall Especially famous is the wall built (220-206 BCE) by Qin shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Little of that wall remains. Since then, the great wall has on and off been rebuilt, maintained and enhanced, the majority of the existing wall is from the ming dynasty (1368-1644) other purposes of the Great wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the silk road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration. Furthermore, the defensive characteristics of the Great Wall were enhanced by the construction of watch towers, troop barracks, gharrison stations, signaling capabilities through the means of smoke or fire and the fact that the path of the Great wall also served as a transportation corridor. The Great wall stretches from Dandong in the cast to Lop Lake in the west, along an are that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km. This is made up of 6,259 km sections of actual wall, 359 km of trenches and 2,232 km of natural defensiove barriers such as hills and rivers. Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measures out to be 21,196km. King Zheng of Qin conquered the last of his opponents and unified china as the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty Qin shi Huang in 221 BCE. Intending to impose centralized rule and prevent the resurgence of feudal lords, he ordered the destruction of some sections of the walls, however, he ordered building of new walls to connect the remaining fortifications along the empire's northern frontier. Transporting the large quantity of materials required for construction was difficult, so builders always tried to use local resources. Stones from the mountains were used over mountain ranges, while earth was used for construction in the plains. The Great wall concept was revived under the Ming dynasty in the 14th century, to gain a clear upper Hand over the Mongolian tribes. 1.1 On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations (Wherever necessary, minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. 1.2 Write a summary of the passage in about 50 words.

Why did the grandmother hate music

Why is the first meeting described by author in vain ? From the address

The theme of the story we are not afraid to die brings out the important of having confidence and making optimum use of our potential elaborating an occurrence from the text to inspire the audience to challenge hurdles of life