why did commercialization of agriculture resulted …

Forced Commercialisation of Agriculture: Commercialisation of agriculture refers to a shift from cultivation for self-consumption to cultivation for the market. Following are some notable points in this context: Mention need to be made of cash crops such as cotton, jute, sugarcane which had a high demand in the market were increasingly cultivated. • Farmers were forced to shift to commercial crops (indigo, in particular) from the conventional subsistence crops (like rice and wheat). Reason: Indigo was required by the textile industry in Britain for dyeing/bleaching of the textile. • The farmers were either lured or forced to accept advance payments for the cultivation of indigo. It exposed the subsistence farmers to uncertainties of the market. • While earlier they would grow grain for their family consumption, now they needed cash to buy it from the market. But they would seldom have cash owing to their mounting indebtedness. Consequence: Perpetual indebtedness of the farmers and perpetual stagnation of farming.

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