CBSE Class 9 Social Science Important …

CBSE Class 9 Social Science Important Questions Economics Chapter-3 Poverty as a Challenge 5 marks Questions 1. Discuss the major reasons of poverty in India. Ans. One of the historical reasons is the low level of economic development under the British colonial administration. The policies of colonial government ruined traditional handicraft and discouraged developed industries like textile. The failure at both the fronts: promotion of economic growth and population control perpetuated the cycle of poverty. The industries, both in the public sector and private sector did provide some jobs. But these were not enough to absorb all the job seekers. Another cause of poverty is huge income inequalities. One of the major season for this is unequal distribution of land and other resources. Till the new economic policy of 1990, India growth rate was not up to the mark. The low growth rate led to less development. This resulted in less jobs and low growth rate of income. 2. Describe the poverty trend in India. Ans. There is substantial decline in poverty ratios in India from about 45 percent in 1993-94 to 37.2 percent in 2004-05. The proportion of people below poverty line further came down to about 21.9 percent in 2011-12. If the trend continues, people below poverty line may come down to less than 20% in the next few years. Although the percentage of people living under poverty line decline in the earlier two decades (1973-1993). The number of poor declined from 407.1 million in 2004-05 to 269.3 million in 2011-12 with an average annual decline of 2.2 percentage points during 2004-05 to 2011-12. 3. Give an account of interstate disparities of poverty in India. Ans. The proportion of poor people is not the same in every state. Although state level poverty has witnessed a secular decline from the levels of early seventies. Recent estimate show while the all India HCR was 21.9% n 2011-12 states like Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha had above all India poverty level. Bihar and Odisha continue to be the two poorest states with poverty ratio of 33.7 and 37.6 percent respectively. Along with rural poverty, urban poverty is also high in Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. In comparison there has been a significant decline in poverty in Kerala, Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and west Bengal. States like Punjab and Haryana have traditionally succeeded in reducing poverty with the help of high agricultural growth rates. 4. Describe the global poverty trends. Ans. Poverty decline substantially in China and Southeast Asian countries as a result of rapid economic growth and massive investment in human resource development. Number of poor in China has come down from 85% in 1981 to 14 % in 2008 to 6% in 20011. In the countries of South Asia (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan) the decline has not been as rapid. In Sub Saharan Africa, poverty in fact rose from 51% in 1981 to 47% in 2008. In Latin America, the ratio of poverty remained the same. It has declined from 11% in 1981 to 6.4% in 2008. Poverty has also resurfaced in some of the former Socialist countries like Russia, where officially it was non-existent earlier. 5. Describe current government strategy of poverty alleviation. Ans. Indian Government took many measures to increase the economic growth rate. The economic growth rate of India has increased from 3.5% in 1970's to around 9% in the current decade. Many Anti-Poverty alleviation programs initiated by the government. National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was started by the government in 2005. It provides 100 days assured employment to rural people in 200 districts in India. National Food for Work program was passed in 2004 in 150 most backward districts of India. Prime Manister Rozgar Yozana is another scheme which was started in 1993.The aim of this program is to create self employment opportunities for educated unemployment opportunities for educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small town. 6. Write a short note on NREGA 2005. Ans. Presently it is known as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005. It aims to provide 100 days of wage employment to every household to ensure livelihood security in rural areas. It also aimed at sustainable development to address the cause of draught, deforestation and soil erosion. One third of the proposed jobs have been reserved for women. The scheme provided employment to 220 crore person day of employment to 4.78 crore households. 7. Poverty is a curse upon humanity’. Explain. Ans. It leads to hunger and lack of hunger. They live in unhygienic conditions and invite host of diseases. They lack in medical facilities and die of diseases in want of timely and proper treatment. Poor people are in a situation in which they are ill-treated at almost all places. They live with the sense of helplessness. Poor parents are not able to send their children to school. 8. How is poverty interpreted by the social scientist? Explain. Ans. Illiteracy level is a situation where parents are unable to send their children. Lack of access to healthcare is a situation in which people cannot afford treatment. Lack of access ton drinking water means lack of safe and clean drinking water facilities. Lack of job opportunity means no availability of regular job opportunity. Lack of sanitation means cleaning of our surrounding. 9. Why does the poverty line vary with time and place? Ans. A person is considered poor if his or her income or consumption levels falls below a given ‘minimum level’ necessary to fulfill basic needs. What is necessary to satisfy basic needs is different at different times and in different countries. That is why; poverty line may vary with time and place. Each country uses an imaginary line that is considered appropriate for its existing level of development and its accepted minimum social norms. For example, a person not having a car in the USA may be considered poor. But, in India, owning of a car is still considered a luxury. While determining the poverty line in India, a minimum level of food requirement,clothing, footwear, fuel and light, educational and medical requirement, etc. are determined for subsistence. 10. How poverty line estimated in India? Explain. Ans. A common method used to measure poverty is based on income and consumption levels. A minimum requirement of food requirement and other basic needs such as clothing,footwear, fuel and light, educational and medical requirement, etc. are determined for subsistence. These are then calculated in terms of money required to consume them by multiplying physical quantities by their prices in rupees. Such consumption expenditure determines the poverty line. For the year 2000, the poverty line for a person was fixed at Rs 328 per month in rural areas and Rs 454 for the urban areas. The poverty line is estimated by the NSSO in India. Document Complete Back to Top

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