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Different types of RAM and ROM

Random Access Memory (RAM) is classified into two types. They are

• DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) – DRAM Is commonly used as the main memory for the computer. Inside an integrated circuit, each DRAM memory cell consists of a transistor and a capacitor and a data bit is stored in the capacitor. Because transistors often leak a small amount, the condensers gradually discharge, allowing the information stored in it to drain thus, DRAM has to be refreshed every few milliseconds (given a new electronic charge) to maintain data.

• SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) – SRAM is composed of 4 to 6 transistors. It holds data in the memory as long as power is supplied to the device, unlike DRAM, which needs to be regularly refreshed. As such, SRAM is more costly but quicker, making DRAM the more widespread memory in computer systems.

Read-Only Memory has three types in it. They are

• PROM–PROM or programmable ROM is a computer memory chip that can be programmed once it is created. When the PROM is programmed, the written information is permanent and cannot be removed or erased.

• EPROM–Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, EPROM is a non-volatile memory chip, developed in 1971 by Dov Frohman. When exposed to ultraviolet light, an EPROM can be reprogrammed if necessary, but otherwise no new data would be accepted or saved. Computer manufacturers use EPROM when it might be necessary to modify the data stored on the EPROM. EPROM chips are not commonly used in computers and have been replaced by EEPROM chips.

• EEPROM–The EEPROM is an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory which can be erased and reprogrammed using an electrical charge. George Perlegos developed EEPROM while at Intel in 1978, and unlike most of the memory inside a computer, this memory remembers data when the power is switched off. EEPROM was a substitute for the PROM and EPROM chips and is used for the <a href="https://www.classmate4u.com/bios-basic-input-output-system/">BIOS </a>of later computers designed after 1994. Using an EEPROM machine helps a computer user to update the BIOS on their device without the need to open the computer or remove chips.