What is green revolution?

Green Revolution refers to an increase in the production of food grains due to the use of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, use of fertilisers, pesticides and irrigation facilities.
Reasons for implementation of Green Revolution:
At the time of independence, a large chunk of farmers were dependent on the monsoon due to which they faced innumerable problems in farming activities.
The technology and machinery used in farming were obsolete which resulted in low agricultural productivity.
Famines affected agricultural productivity in the 1940s.
Indian agriculture suffered from low productivity of food grains as more emphasis was given to cash crops during the colonial rule. This resulted in the shortage of food grains in India.
Indian farmers were dependent on landlords and rural money lenders to meet their credit requirements. Landlords and lenders exploited farmers.
The Green Revolution ensured food security to the Indian population. The motive behind implementing the Green Revolution was to increase agricultural productivity. This was possible because nearly 75% of the country's population was engaged in this sector. This resulted in a significant increase in the production of food grains.
Benefits to farmers:
Availability of inputs: It enabled farmers to use HYV seeds, pesticides, fertilisers and well-developed agricultural methods in areas where the supply of water was regular.
Scientific rotation of crops: It allowed the farmers to harvest more than two crops in a year through the initiation of short-term HYV seeds for major crops.
Credit facility: It provided farmers with sufficient credit facilities and package of inputs before the sowing season through government programmes.
Minimum support prices: It ensured farmers with reasonable prices for their produce through minimum support prices and prevented income fluctuations.