Describe the various ways by which …

Seed dispersal is aided by the wind, water and animals. Sees also dispersed when fruits burst with sudden jerks.

By wind: Seeds and fruits of plants are carried away by the wind, water and animals. Winged seeds such as those of drumstick and maple, light seeds of grasses or hairy seeds of aak (Madar) and hairy fruit of the sunflower, get blown off with the wind to faraway places.

By water: Seeds of aquatic plants or plants near water bodies usually develop floating ability in the form of a spongy or fibrous outer coat as in coconut and get dispersed by water.

By animals: Spiny seeds with hooks which get attached to the bodies of animals and are carried to distant places.

Dispersion of seeds by bursting of fruits: Some seeds are dispersed when the fruits burst with sudden jerks. The seeds are scattered far from the parent plant. This happens in the case of castor and balsam.