) In China, due to topographic and climatic conditions, the area suitable for cultivation is relatively small — only about 10 per cent of its total land area. The total cultivable area in China accounts for 40 per cent of the cultivable area in India. Until the 1980s, more than 80 per cent of the people in China were dependent on farming as their sole source of livelihood. (b) Since then, the government encouraged people to leave their fields and pursue other activities such as handicrafts, commerce and transport. In 2014–15, with 28 per cent of its workforce engaged in agriculture, its contribution to the GDP in China is 9 per cent. (c) In both India and Pakistan, the contribution of agriculture to GDP were 17 and 25 per cent, respectively, but the proportion of workforce that works in this sector is more in India. In Pakistan, about 43 per cent of people work in agriculture, whereas, in India, it is 50 per cent. (d) The sectoral share of output and employment also shows that in all three economies, the industry and service sectors have less proportion of workforce but contribute more in terms of output. In China, manufacturing and service sectors contribute the highest to GDP at 43 and 48 per cent, respectively whereas in India and Pakistan, it is the service sector which contributes the highest by more than 50 per cent of GDP. In the normal course of development, countries first shift their employment and output from agriculture to manufacturing and then to services. (f) This is what is happening in China as can be seen from Table. The proportion of workforce engaged in manufacturing in India and Pakistan were low at 21 and 23 per cent respectively. The contribution of industries to GDP is at 30 per cent in India and 21 per cent in Pakistan. (g) In these countries, the shift is taking place directly to the service sector. Thus, in both India and Pakistan, the service sector is emerging as a major player of development. It contributes more to GDP and, at the same time, emerges as a prospective employer. If we look at the proportion of workforce in the1980s, Pakistan was faster in shifting its workforce to service sector than India and China. (h) India, China and Pakistan employed 17, 12 and 27 per cent of its workforce in the service sector respectively. In 2014, it has reached the level of 29, 43 and 34 per cent, respectively. (i) In the last three decades, the growth of agriculture sector, which employs the largest proportion of workforce in all the three countries, has declined. In the industrial sector, China has maintained a near double-digit growth rate whereas for India and Pakistan growth rate has declined. (j) In case of service sector, China was able to raise its rate of growth during 1980–2015, while India and Pakistan stagnated with its service sector growth. Thus, China’s growth is mainly contributed by the manufacturing and service sectors and India’s growth by the service sector
Gaurav Seth 4 years, 11 months ago
) In China, due to topographic and climatic conditions, the area suitable for cultivation is relatively small — only about 10 per cent of its total land area. The total cultivable area in China accounts for 40 per cent of the cultivable area in India. Until the 1980s, more than 80 per cent of the people in China were dependent on farming as their sole source of livelihood. (b) Since then, the government encouraged people to leave their fields and pursue other activities such as handicrafts, commerce and transport. In 2014–15, with 28 per cent of its workforce engaged in agriculture, its contribution to the GDP in China is 9 per cent. (c) In both India and Pakistan, the contribution of agriculture to GDP were 17 and 25 per cent, respectively, but the proportion of workforce that works in this sector is more in India. In Pakistan, about 43 per cent of people work in agriculture, whereas, in India, it is 50 per cent. (d) The sectoral share of output and employment also shows that in all three economies, the industry and service sectors have less proportion of workforce but contribute more in terms of output. In China, manufacturing and service sectors contribute the highest to GDP at 43 and 48 per cent, respectively whereas in India and Pakistan, it is the service sector which contributes the highest by more than 50 per cent of GDP. In the normal course of development, countries first shift their employment and output from agriculture to manufacturing and then to services. (f) This is what is happening in China as can be seen from Table. The proportion of workforce engaged in manufacturing in India and Pakistan were low at 21 and 23 per cent respectively. The contribution of industries to GDP is at 30 per cent in India and 21 per cent in Pakistan. (g) In these countries, the shift is taking place directly to the service sector. Thus, in both India and Pakistan, the service sector is emerging as a major player of development. It contributes more to GDP and, at the same time, emerges as a prospective employer. If we look at the proportion of workforce in the1980s, Pakistan was faster in shifting its workforce to service sector than India and China. (h) India, China and Pakistan employed 17, 12 and 27 per cent of its workforce in the service sector respectively. In 2014, it has reached the level of 29, 43 and 34 per cent, respectively. (i) In the last three decades, the growth of agriculture sector, which employs the largest proportion of workforce in all the three countries, has declined. In the industrial sector, China has maintained a near double-digit growth rate whereas for India and Pakistan growth rate has declined. (j) In case of service sector, China was able to raise its rate of growth during 1980–2015, while India and Pakistan stagnated with its service sector growth. Thus, China’s growth is mainly contributed by the manufacturing and service sectors and India’s growth by the service sector
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