By increasing the temperature (by heating), a solid can be converted into liquid state, and the liquid can be converted into gaseous state. By decreasing the temperature (by cooling), a gas can be converted into liquid state, and a liquid can be converted into solid state.
- Solid to Liquid Change: Melting
On increasing the temperature of solids, the kinetic energy of the particles increases. Due to the increase in kinetic energy, the particles start vibrating with greater speed. The energy supplied by heat overcomes the forces of attraction between the particles. The particles leave their fixed positions and start moving more freely. A stage is reached when the solid melts and is converted to a liquid. The temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at the atmospheric pressure is called its melting point. The amount of heat energy that is required to change 1 kg of a solid into liquid at atmospheric pressure at its melting point is known as the latent heat of fusion. So, particles in water at 0o C (273 K) have more energy as compared to particles in ice at the same temperature.
- Liquid to Gas Change: Boiling (Vaporisation)
The process in which a liquid substance changes into a gas rapidly on heating, is called boiling. When we supply heat energy to water, particles start moving even faster. At a certain temperature, a point is reached when the particles have enough energy to break free from the forces of attraction of each other. At this temperature the liquid starts changing into gas. The temperature at which a liquid starts boiling at the atmospheric pressure is known as its boiling point. Particles in steam, that is, water vapour at 373 K (100o C) have more energy than water at the same temperature because particles in steam have absorbed extra energy in the form of latent heat of vaporisation.
- Gas to Liquid Change: Condensation
The process of change of gas to a liquid by cooling, is called condensation. When a gas is cooled enough, then its particles lose so much kinetic energy that they slow down, move closer together until they start being attracted to each other, and form a liquid. Condensation is the reverse process of boiling.
- Liquid to Solid Change: Freezing
The process of changing a liquid into a solid by cooling, is called freezing. Freezing means solidification. Freezing is the reverse of melting. When a liquid is cooled, its particles lose energy due to which they lose slowly. If the liquid is cooled enough, its each particle stops moving and vibrate about a fixed position.
Meghna Thapar 4 years, 2 months ago
By increasing the temperature (by heating), a solid can be converted into liquid state, and the liquid can be converted into gaseous state. By decreasing the temperature (by cooling), a gas can be converted into liquid state, and a liquid can be converted into solid state.
On increasing the temperature of solids, the kinetic energy of the particles increases. Due to the increase in kinetic energy, the particles start vibrating with greater speed. The energy supplied by heat overcomes the forces of attraction between the particles. The particles leave their fixed positions and start moving more freely. A stage is reached when the solid melts and is converted to a liquid. The temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at the atmospheric pressure is called its melting point. The amount of heat energy that is required to change 1 kg of a solid into liquid at atmospheric pressure at its melting point is known as the latent heat of fusion. So, particles in water at 0o C (273 K) have more energy as compared to particles in ice at the same temperature.
The process in which a liquid substance changes into a gas rapidly on heating, is called boiling. When we supply heat energy to water, particles start moving even faster. At a certain temperature, a point is reached when the particles have enough energy to break free from the forces of attraction of each other. At this temperature the liquid starts changing into gas. The temperature at which a liquid starts boiling at the atmospheric pressure is known as its boiling point. Particles in steam, that is, water vapour at 373 K (100o C) have more energy than water at the same temperature because particles in steam have absorbed extra energy in the form of latent heat of vaporisation.
The process of change of gas to a liquid by cooling, is called condensation. When a gas is cooled enough, then its particles lose so much kinetic energy that they slow down, move closer together until they start being attracted to each other, and form a liquid. Condensation is the reverse process of boiling.
The process of changing a liquid into a solid by cooling, is called freezing. Freezing means solidification. Freezing is the reverse of melting. When a liquid is cooled, its particles lose energy due to which they lose slowly. If the liquid is cooled enough, its each particle stops moving and vibrate about a fixed position.
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