What is topology? Define it's types

Network topology refers to the physical layout of the network. It shows the geometrical representation of all links and linking devices, also called nodes. Its types are as:

1. Bus topology: computers are connected to a single continuous cable that is called bus. A bus must be terminated on both sides to prevent signal bounce and computers are connected to the bus with the help of drop line and T-connector.

2. Star topology: Many home networks use the star topology. A star network features a central connection point called a "hub node" that may be a network hub, switch or router. Devices typically connect to the hub with Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ethernet.

3. Ring topology: In a ring network, every device has exactly two neighbors for communication purposes. All messages travel through a ring in the same direction (either "clockwise" or "counterclockwise"). A failure in any cable or device breaks the loop and can take down the entire network.

4. Mesh topology: Mesh topologies involve the concept of routes. Unlike each of the previous topologies, messages sent on a mesh network can take any of several possible paths from source to destination. (Recall that even in a ring, although two cable paths exist, messages can only travel in one direction.) Some WANs, most notably the Internet, employ mesh routing.