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How polymorphism in DNA sequence is …

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How polymorphism in DNA sequence is the basis of genetic mapping and DNA fingerprinting?

Posted by Hritik Gupta 6 years, 3 months ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Biology

1 answers

Sia ? 6 years, 3 months ago

Polymorphism is variation at the genetic level which arises due to mutations. New mutations may arise in an individual either in somatic cells or in the germ cells. If a germ cell mutation does not seriously impair an individual’s ability to have offspring who can transmit the mutation, it can spread to the other members of the population. If an inheritable mutation is observed in a population at a high frequency then it is known as DNA polymorphism.
Polymorphism is a very important identification tool in forensic application like for paternity testing, in case of disputes and genetic mapping of the human genome.
Genetic map of the human genome was generated using the information on polymorphism of restriction endonuclease recognition sites, and some repetitive DNA sequences known as microsatellites.
Repetitive sequences are small stretch of DNA is repeated many times and make up a very large portion of the human genome. They are thought to have no direct coding functions, but they shed light on chromosome structure, dynamics, and evolution.
Scientists have identified about 1.4 million locations where single-base DNA differences (SNPs – single nucleotide polymorphism) occur in humans. This information promises to revolutionize the processes of finding chromosomal locations for disease-associated sequences and tracing human history.

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