STRUCTUREAND PHYSIOGRAPHY
(i) The Peninsular Block
(ii) The Himalayas and other Peninuslar Mountains
(iii) Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain.
THE PENINSULAR BLOCK Boundaries of the PENINSULAR BLOCK
1. The northern boundary of the Peninsular Block may be taken as an irregular line Movement of Indian plate running from Kachch along the western flank of the Aravali Range near Delhi and then roughly parallel to the Yamuna and the Ganga as far as the Rajmahal Hills and the Ganga delta. Apart from these,
2. The Karbi Anglong and the Meghalaya Plateau in the northeast and Rajasthan in the west are also extensions of this block.
3. The northeastern parts are separated by the Malda fault in West Bengal from the Chotanagpur plateau.
4. The Peninsula is formed essentially by a great complex of very ancient gneisses and granites,
5.Since the Cambrian period, the Peninsula has been standing like a rigid block with the exception of some of its western coast which is submerged beneath the sea and some other parts changed due to tectonic activity without affecting the original basement.
6. As a part of the Indo-Australian Plate, it has been subjected to various vertical movements and block faulting. The rift valleys of the Narmada, the Tapi and the Mahanadi and the Satpura block mountains are some examples of it.
The Peninsula mostly consists of relict and residual mountains like the Aravali hills, the Nallamala hills, the Javadi hills, the Veliconda hills, the Palkonda range and the Mahendragiri hills, etc.
THE HIMALAYAS AND OTHER PENINSULAR MOUNTAINS
1. The Himalayas along with other Peninsular mountains are young, weak and flexible in their geological structure unlike the rigid and stable Peninsular Block.
2. Consequently, they are still subjected to the interplay of exegetic and endogenic forces, resulting in the development of faults, folds and thrust plains.
3. These mountains are tectonic in origin, dissected by fast-flowing rivers which are in their youthful stage.
4. Various landforms like gorges, V-shaped valleys, rapids, waterfalls, etc. are indicative of this stage.
INDO-GANGA-BRAHMAPUTRA PLAIN
The third geological division of India comprises the plains formed by the river Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.
It was a geo-synclinal depression which attained its maximum development during the third phase of the Himalayan mountain formation approximately about 64 million years ago.
Since then, it has been gradually filled by the sediments brought by the Himalayan and Peninsular rivers.
Average depth of alluvial deposits in these plains ranges from 1,000-2,000 m.
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STRUCTUREAND PHYSIOGRAPHY
(i) The Peninsular Block
(ii) The Himalayas and other Peninuslar Mountains
(iii) Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain.
THE PENINSULAR BLOCK Boundaries of the PENINSULAR BLOCK
1. The northern boundary of the Peninsular Block may be taken as an irregular line Movement of Indian plate running from Kachch along the western flank of the Aravali Range near Delhi and then roughly parallel to the Yamuna and the Ganga as far as the Rajmahal Hills and the Ganga delta. Apart from these,
2. The Karbi Anglong and the Meghalaya Plateau in the northeast and Rajasthan in the west are also extensions of this block.
3. The northeastern parts are separated by the Malda fault in West Bengal from the Chotanagpur plateau.
4. The Peninsula is formed essentially by a great complex of very ancient gneisses and granites,
5.Since the Cambrian period, the Peninsula has been standing like a rigid block with the exception of some of its western coast which is submerged beneath the sea and some other parts changed due to tectonic activity without affecting the original basement.
6. As a part of the Indo-Australian Plate, it has been subjected to various vertical movements and block faulting. The rift valleys of the Narmada, the Tapi and the Mahanadi and the Satpura block mountains are some examples of it.
The Peninsula mostly consists of relict and residual mountains like the Aravali hills, the Nallamala hills, the Javadi hills, the Veliconda hills, the Palkonda range and the Mahendragiri hills, etc.
THE HIMALAYAS AND OTHER PENINSULAR MOUNTAINS
1. The Himalayas along with other Peninsular mountains are young, weak and flexible in their geological structure unlike the rigid and stable Peninsular Block.
2. Consequently, they are still subjected to the interplay of exegetic and endogenic forces, resulting in the development of faults, folds and thrust plains.
3. These mountains are tectonic in origin, dissected by fast-flowing rivers which are in their youthful stage.
4. Various landforms like gorges, V-shaped valleys, rapids, waterfalls, etc. are indicative of this stage.
INDO-GANGA-BRAHMAPUTRA PLAIN
The third geological division of India comprises the plains formed by the river Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.
It was a geo-synclinal depression which attained its maximum development during the third phase of the Himalayan mountain formation approximately about 64 million years ago.
Since then, it has been gradually filled by the sediments brought by the Himalayan and Peninsular rivers.
Average depth of alluvial deposits in these plains ranges from 1,000-2,000 m.
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