Six factors which are responsible for the disintegration of USSR are as follows:
(i) The internal weaknesses of Soviet political and economic institutions failed to meet the aspirations of the people.
(ii) Economic weakness: Economic stagnation for many years led to severe the consumer items shortages and a large section of Soviet society began to doubt and question the system and to do so openly. Economic weakness occurred due to the huge military spending, maintenance of satellite states in Eastern Europe, and of maintenance of the Central Asian Republics within the USSR.
(iii) Political Unaccountability: The Soviet Union had become stagnant in an administrative and political sense as well. The Communist Party regime for around 70 years turned authoritarian which was not accountable to the people. Ordinary people were alienated by slow and stifling administration, rampant corruption, the inability of the system to correct mistakes it had made, the unwillingness to allow more openness in government and the centralization of authority in a vast land.
(iv) The Soviet economy used much of its resources in maintaining a nuclear and military arsenal and the development of its satellite states in Eastern Europe and within the Soviet system. This led to a huge economic burden that the system could not cope with.
(v) Gorbachev's reforms: When Gorbachev became the President, he carried out reforms and loosened the system. He set in motion forces and expectations that few could have predicted and become virtually impossible to control. There were sections of Soviet society which felt that Gorbachev should have moved much faster and were disappointed and impatient with his methods. Others, especially members of the Communist party and those who were served by the system, took exactly the opposite view. In tugs of war, Gorbachev lost support on all sides.
(vi) Rise of nationalism: The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republics, Ukraine, Georgia etc is the most important and immediate cause for the disintegration of the USSR. The national feeling was strong among the more prosperous areas in USSR and not in central Asian republics. Ordinary people didn't like to pay a big price to uplift the backward Central Asian republics.
Sia ? 6 years, 3 months ago
Six factors which are responsible for the disintegration of USSR are as follows:
(i) The internal weaknesses of Soviet political and economic institutions failed to meet the aspirations of the people.
(ii) Economic weakness: Economic stagnation for many years led to severe the consumer items shortages and a large section of Soviet society began to doubt and question the system and to do so openly. Economic weakness occurred due to the huge military spending, maintenance of satellite states in Eastern Europe, and of maintenance of the Central Asian Republics within the USSR.
(iii) Political Unaccountability: The Soviet Union had become stagnant in an administrative and political sense as well. The Communist Party regime for around 70 years turned authoritarian which was not accountable to the people. Ordinary people were alienated by slow and stifling administration, rampant corruption, the inability of the system to correct mistakes it had made, the unwillingness to allow more openness in government and the centralization of authority in a vast land.
(iv) The Soviet economy used much of its resources in maintaining a nuclear and military arsenal and the development of its satellite states in Eastern Europe and within the Soviet system. This led to a huge economic burden that the system could not cope with.
(v) Gorbachev's reforms: When Gorbachev became the President, he carried out reforms and loosened the system. He set in motion forces and expectations that few could have predicted and become virtually impossible to control. There were sections of Soviet society which felt that Gorbachev should have moved much faster and were disappointed and impatient with his methods. Others, especially members of the Communist party and those who were served by the system, took exactly the opposite view. In tugs of war, Gorbachev lost support on all sides.
(vi) Rise of nationalism: The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republics, Ukraine, Georgia etc is the most important and immediate cause for the disintegration of the USSR. The national feeling was strong among the more prosperous areas in USSR and not in central Asian republics. Ordinary people didn't like to pay a big price to uplift the backward Central Asian republics.
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