what is primary deflict ?what are …

(i) Debt trap. Fiscal deficit, i.e., borrowing creates problems of not only
(a) repayment of loans but also of (b) payment of interest. As the government borrowing increases, its liability in future to repay loans along with interest thereon also increases. Payment of interest increases revenue expenditure leading to a higher revenue deficit. Increased revenue deficit may further lead to more borrowing and more interest payment. Ultimately government may be compelled to borrow to finance even interest payment leading to emergence of a vicious circle and debt trap.
(ii)    Wasteful expenditure. High fiscal deficit generally leads to wasteful and unnecessary expenditure by the government. Therefore, fiscal deficit should be kept as low as possible.
(iii)    Inflationary pressure. As government borrows mainly from RBI which meets this demand by printing of more currency-notes (called deficit financing), it results in circulation of more money. This may cause inflationary pressure in the economy.
(iv)    Retards future growth. The entire amount of fiscal deficit, i.e., whole borrowed amount is not available for growth and development of economy because a part of it is used for interest payment. Only primary deficit (fiscal deficit - interest payment) is available for financing expenditure. In fact, borrowing is financial burden on future generation to pay loan and interest amount which retards growth of economy.
(v)    Increases foreign dependence. Government also borrows from foreign countries. This increases dependence on foreign countries which often lead to economic and political interference.