What is the basic principle of …

Chromatography:  (Tswett 1906) is a general term which involves processes by which is a mixture of different substances can be:(a) separated,  (b) purified and (c) identified. Originally this technique was employed to separate coloured components from their mixture in the form of distinct zones as rings called Chromatograms. Now it is used for the separation and purification of coloured as well as colourless substances.
Principle: The technique of chromatography is based on the fact that different constituents of a mixture are adsorbed to different extents by given adsorbent. The medium which carries the mixture of example solvent (such as ether, benzene, alcohol etc.) is called a moving phase and the medium in which various components are adsorbed (such as alumina, silica gel etc.) is called the stationary phase.
The important types of chromatography are:
(i) Column chromatography
(ii) TLC or thin layer chromatography
(iii) Gas chromatography
(iv) Paper chromatography.