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explain the structer of cells

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explain the structer of cells

    • Posted by Meghavi Vaghela 7 years, 5 months ago

    CBSE > Class 07 > Science
    • 1 answers

    Meghna Thapar 5 years, 10 months ago

    • Parts of the Cell: There are three main components of a cell – cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. The parts of a cell include cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, cell wall and vacuoles.
    1. Cell membrane - Every cell is covered by a thin sheet of skin called cell membrane or plasma membrane. The cytoplasm and nucleus are enclosed within the cell membrane. It is also called plasma membrane. The membrane separates cells from one another and also the cell from the surrounding medium. The cell membrane has tiny pores which allow the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
    2. Cell wall – The plant cells have a thick cell wall around them outside the cell membrane. It gives shape and support to the plant cells. It also provides protection to plant cells against variations in temperature, high wind speed, etc.
    3. Cytoplasm - The jelly-like substance between the nucleus and the cell membrane is called cytoplasm. The various structures present in the cytoplasm of the cell are called organelles. The most prominent organelle in the cytoplasm of the cell is nucleus.
    4. Nucleus – Nucleus is a large spherical organelle present in the centre of the cell that controls all its activities. It is the largest organelle of the cell that can be stained with a dye and can be seen with the help of a microscope. Nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane called the nuclear membrane. It contains thread like structures called chromosomes. The function of chromosomes is to transfer the characteristics from parents to the offsprings through genes. The nucleus and the cytoplasm together constitute protoplasm. Nucleus contains a small spherical body in it called nucleolus.
    5. Vacuole – The blank-looking structures in the cytoplasm are called vacuoles. Large vacuoles are commonly found in plant cells. Animal cells have either no vacuole or small vacuoles.
    6. Plastids – Plastids are small coloured bodies scattered in the cytoplasm of plant cells. They are of different colours. Chloroplasts are green coloured plastids that contain green pigment called chlorophyll which helps in photosynthesis.
    7. Mitochondria – Mitochondria are tiny rod-shaped or spherical-shaped organelles which provide energy for all the activities of the cell. It is also called the powerhouse of the cell.

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