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Why DNA double helix

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Why DNA double helix

    • Posted by Harsh Vishwakarma 7 years, 5 months ago

    CBSE > Class 12 > Biology
    • 1 answers

    Yogita Ingle 7 years, 5 months ago

    • It is made of two polynucleotide chains, where the backbone is constituted by sugar-phosphate, and the bases project inside.
    • The two chains have anti-parallel polarity. It means, if one chain has the polarity 5'→ 3', the other has 3' → 5'.
    • The bases in two strands are paired through hydrogen bond (H-bonds) forming base pairs (bp). Adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with Thymine from opposite strand and vice-versa. Similarly, Guanine is bonded with Cytosine with three H-bonds. As a result, a purine always comes opposite to a pyrimidine. This generates approximately uniform distance between the two strands of the helix.
    • The two chains are coiled in a right-handed fashion. The pitch of the helix is 3.4 nm and there are roughly 10 bp in each turn. Consequently, the distance between a bp in a helix is approximately equal to 0.34 nm.
    • The plane of one base pair stacks over the other in double helix. This stacking, in addition to H-bonds, confers stability of the helical structure.

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