Describe and define cloning

Cloning

It is a type of asexual reproduction which involves the creation of an exact copy of a biological entity.

*Cloning involves the process of forming a cell or a complete individual from a body cell.

*A clone is created by inserting the complete genetic material of a regular body cell from a donor into a recipient.

*Cloning is done in many animals including sheep, cattle, pigs etc. But for the first time cloning of sheep was successful in producing a clone of the parent sheep.

Let us observe the process of cloning with an example

Cloning in sheep
Dolly was the first cloned mammal, and is genetically identical to its parent sheep.

*Sir Ian Wilmut from Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland created Dolly.

*Egg from A was taken and enucleated.

*Nucleus of a body cell was selected from B and was injected into enucleated cell of A.

*This new cell of A with nucleus from B is placed into womb of A. 

*It developed into a normal baby sheep which was named as Dolly.

*Dolly was found to be exactly similar to B from which nucleus was taken.

*Dolly was termed to be a 'Clone' and the process was referred to as 'Cloning'.

*Dolly was developed from the cell of A and in the womb of A. But she resembled B which donated the nucleus.

*Cloning involves certain abnormalities. Dolly suffered from arthritis. Dolly also was suspected to have developed lung tumour.