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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 7 months ago
Germ theory of disease is based on the concept that many diseases are caused by infections with microorganisms, typically only visualized under high magnification. Such microorganisms can consist of bacterial, viral, fungal, or protist species. Although the growth and productive replication of microorganisms are the cause of disease, environmental and genetic factors may predispose a host or influence the severity of the infection. For example, in a host that is immunocompromised (e.g., due to AIDS or old age), an infection may result in more severe outcomes than in individuals who are fully immunocompetent.
The notion that diseases could be spread by “seed-like entities” was first described in the 1500’s by Girolamo Fracastoro and were categorized based on how they could be transmitted. Later, Agostino Bassi in the early 1800’s conducted a series of experiments which demonstrated that a disease afflicting silkworms at the time was caused by a parasite. Bassi theorized that disease in humans and animals was also caused by microorganisms. Bassi’s work served to influence Louis Pasteur, who is accredited with the germ theory of disease following his experiments demonstrating the relationship between microorganisms and disease.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 7 months ago
- Force that resists motion of one body over another with which it is in contact.
- Denoted by fk
- As motion starts, fs vanishes and fk appears
- Kinetic friction is Independent of the area of contact and velocity of the body
- It varies with Normal reaction, N
fk ∝ N
fk = constant * N
fk = μk N; μk is the coefficient of kinetic friction
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 8 months ago
Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association of fungi with the root systems of some plants. The fungal hyphae either form a dense network around the young roots or they penetrate the cells of the roots. The large surface area of the fungal hyphae is helpful in increasing the absorption of water and minerals from the soil. In return, they get sugar and nitrogenous compounds from the host plants. The mycorrhizal association is obligate in some plants. For example, Pinus seeds do not germinate and establish in the absence of mycorrhizal.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 8 months ago
The amount of the filtrate formed by the kidneys per minute is called glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The value of GFR in a healthy individual is approximately 125 ml/minute i.e., 180 litres per day
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Abid Ali 6 years, 6 months ago
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